Sudirman Sudirman. An implementation research of HIV prevention, testing, and care through community-based services among MSM population in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Doctoral Degree(Clinical Sciences). Chulalongkorn University. Office of Academic Resources. : Chulalongkorn University, 2023.
An implementation research of HIV prevention, testing, and care through community-based services among MSM population in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Abstract:
Indonesia is one of the countries with the most rapidly growing HIV epidemics in Asia. Indonesia is also one of the countries that failed to meet the target of 90 UNAIDS by 2020, despite various programs and services that have been issued. In 2015, the WHO recommended the expansion of HIV services beyond the clinical setting, of which community-based service (CBS) is one of the recommendations. This study aims to identify the challenge in HIV prevention, testing, and care and how to improve it by implementing community-based services (CBS) among the MSM population in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research is implementation research consisting of two phases: i) pre-implementation (formative research) and ii) implementation and post-implementation (evaluation study). Formative research used a qualitative approach. Data was collected using focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews (IDI) involving 64 informants, taking place from December 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. The evaluation study used a concurrent mixed-method design. Quantitative data were collected by questionnaires and observation sheets involving 432 participants. Qualitative data used FGD and IDI involving 37 informants. The two data were then integrated using a joint display table. Data collection took place from March to December 2023. The results of formative studies show that an HIV CBS must have certain criteria. Aspects to consider in designing an HIV CBS are training, service coverage, service hours, service model, human resources, funding, supervision, monitoring and evaluation, and information dissemination. The evaluation study showed that of the 423 participants who accessed CBS HIV, 84.9% were first-time testers, 2.8% were HIV reactive, and 1.9% were syphilis reactive. All cases (100%) of HIV and syphilis reactive were successfully referred for confirmatory tests and treatment within an average of 2 days to health facilities. The evaluation showed that the CBS HIV service model had a high level of acceptability and was feasible to implement in a local context. It had effectiveness for HIV communities and programs. CBS HIV can be an option for the government to address challenges in HIV programs. The implementation of HIV services can be done by adopting a service that has been proven effective in a country or region.