Abstract:
This research aimed 1) to study the key components and behavioral indicators of political literacy among high school students, and 2) to propose guidelines for developing political literacy in high school students. The study employed a qualitative research method, with three target groups of 65 experts: political science and governance experts, curriculum and teaching specialists, and social studies teachers. The research tools included semi-structured interviews, component and behavioral indicator validation forms, focus group discussion records, and performance evaluation forms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The research findings revealed that 1) The key components of political literacy for high school students consisted of five main elements: Political Knowledge, Political Information Literacy, Self-Awareness of Political Perspectives, Coexisting with Political Differences, and Political Expression and Participation. These five components include 23 sub-components and 107 behavioral indicators. 2) The guidelines for promoting political literacy among high school students focused on (1) Developing all five components holistically, (2) Following the SECMAR principles: Student Engagement, Experiential Learning, Critical Thinking, Media Information and Digital Literacy, Appreciation of Political Diversity, and Promoting Reflective Thinking, (3) Utilizing the 6D Model: Fostering a supportive environment for mutual dialogue and opinion exchange, Encouraging debate and discussion, Facilitating exploration of media and digital literacy, Training students to analyze, forecast, and make decisions on political scenarios, Nurturing social consciousness, and Encouraging political expression and participation. (4) The strategies and learning methods emphasize integrated learning, experiential and practical learning, and decision-making skill development through scenario-based practice, (5) The promotion of political literacy is divided into three levels: Beginner, Intermediate, and Advanced. (6) The implementation models in schools are divided into two types: promotion through subject integration and promotion through extracurricular activities, (7) The assessment of political literacy uses key principles, including holistic evaluation, authentic performance-based assessment, and the assessment of decision-making skills via scenario-based evaluations.