Abstract:
Air pollution, particularly from PM2.5, poses a significant challenge to human health and quality of life today. Thailand is grappling with PM2.5 issues, especially in the Bangkok region, where levels surpass established standards. This situation undermines the country's stability in both economic and social dimensions, adversely impacting public health and resulting in approximately 50,000 premature deaths annually in Thailand. Furthermore, it tarnishes Bangkok's reputation as a tourist destination. This research seeks to investigate the sources of PM2.5 pollution, focusing on the Pathumwan and Din Daeng districts, while analyzing the correlation between PM2.5 concentration and vehicle numbers, utilizing data from 2019 to 2023. Additionally, it aims to explore measures to mitigate the PM2.5 crisis. The study employs the Factor Analysis method to identify sources in the Pathumwan district. Findings from the literature review and Factor Analysis indicate that the primary contributors to PM2.5 pollution are road dust and emissions from vehicle exhausts. Moreover, the volume of vehicles in the study area significantly influences the average PM2.5 levels; an increase in vehicles correlates with a rise in the number of days that PM2.5 pollution exceeds acceptable standards. Notably, the Work From Home policies implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to a reduction in PM2.5 pollution from vehicular sources.