Effect of Citrus hystrix Dc peel extracts on the cytotoxicity of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells in vitro

Name: Bowornluk Anutarapong

Address: 333 Moo1, Thasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100

Organization : Mae Fah Luang University

Email : library@mfu.ac.th

keyword: Citrus hystrix DC.

MeSH: Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer -- 223483

Classification :.DDC: e-thesis

; Selective Cytotoxicity

MeSH: Intestine, Large -- Cancer -- 326350

MeSH: Metabolites

MeSH: Agricultural wastes

LCSH: Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer -- 223483

LCSH: Intestine, Large -- Cancer -- 326350

LCSH: Metabolites

LCSH: Agricultural wastes

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Conventional chemotherapies often present narrow therapeutic windows and severe side effects, prompting the search for novel, safe, and effective natural agents. Citrus hystrix DC. (Kaffir lime) is known for its pharmacological properties, yet the selective cytotoxicity of its peel extract against CRC remains to be fully elucidated. Objective: To evaluate the chemical profile and selective cytotoxic effects of Citrus hystrix DC. peel ethyl acetate extract against human colorectal cancer cells (SW-480) and normal colon epithelial cells (CCD-841 CoN) in vitro. Methods: The phytochemical composition of the extract was analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). The cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activities were assessed using the MTT assay after 24 hours of treatment. The Selectivity Index (SI) was calculated to evaluate the safety profile. Results: LC-QTOF-MS tentatively identified major bioactive secondary metabolites, prominently including flavonoids (e.g., Apigenin, Hesperidin, Kaempferol, Isorhamnetin, Limocitrol, Clitoriacetal), coumarins (e.g., Citropten, Umbelliferone, Dentatin), terpenoids (e.g., Limonin, β-Pinene) and phenolic compounds (e.g., Caffeic acid). The extract exhibited a potent, dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect against SW-480 cells with an IC50 value of 64.63 ± 15.15 µg/mL. In contrast, it demonstrated significantly lower toxicity towards normal CCD-841 CoN cells, with a CC50 of 181.60 ± 37.28 µg/mL. This resulted in a highly favorable Selectivity Index (SI) of 2.81. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract of Citrus hystrix DC. peel demonstrates potent and highly selective cytotoxicity against SW-480 colorectal cancer cells in vitro (IC₅₀ = 64.63 µg/mL; SI = 2.81). This targeted efficacy is likely mediated by a complex matrix of bioactive secondary metabolites identified via LC-QTOF-MS, particularly flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids. By valorizing an agricultural by-product, this study establishes C. hystrix peel as a promising botanical candidate, warranting further mechanistic and in vivo investigations for its development into novel therapeutic agents or functional health products.

Mae Fah Luang University. Learning Resources and Educational Media Centre

Address: CHIANG RAI

Email: library@mfu.ac.th

Name: Vitoon Jularattanaporn

Role: Advisor

Created: 2025

Modified: 2026-07-17

Issued: 2026-07-17

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: e-thesis

eng

DegreeName: Master of Science

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Anti-Aging and Regenerative Science

Grantor: Mae Fah Luang University

©copyrights Mae Fah Luang University

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