Chemical constituents and biological activities from Garcinia xanthochymus Hook f

Name: Sirachuch Maungprasert

Address: 333 Moo1, Thasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100

Organization : Mae Fah Luang University

Email : library@mfu.ac.th

keyword: Garcinia xanthochymus

MeSH: Garcinia -- Extracts -- 320473

Classification :.DDC: e-thesis

; Anticancer Activity

MeSH: Antioxidants -- 314711

MeSH: Antineoplastic agents -- 317689

LCSH: Garcinia -- Extracts -- 320473

LCSH: Antioxidants -- 314711

LCSH: Antineoplastic agents -- 317689

Abstract: Phytochemical investigation of bark and twig of Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. led to the isolation of 22 known compounds, including 13 xanthones (GXBA-sm1 (formoxanthone C), GXBA-sm2 (euxanthone), GXBA-sm3 (pyranojacreubin), GXBA-sm4 (7-geranyloxy-1,3-dihydroxyxanthone), GXBA-sm7 (6-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy xanthone), GXBA-sm8 (xanthone V1), GXBA-sm10 (morusignin I), GXBA-sm11 (dulxanthone B), GXBA-sm12 (1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone), GXTM-sm19 (2,5-dihydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone), GXTM-sm20 (2,6-dihydroxy-1,5-dimethoxyxanthone), GXTM-sm21 (1,2,5-trihydroxyxanthone), and GXTM-sm22 (1,2,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone)), six of flavonoid scaffolds (GXBA-sm6 (kaempferol), GXBA-sm9 ((2R,3S)-morelloflavone), GXTM-sm13 (GB-2a), GXTM-sm14 (GB-1), GXTM-sm15 ((2S,2'S,3R)-GB-1a), and GXTM-sm16 (volkensiflavone)), two of benzene derivatives (GXTM-sm17 (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) and GXTM-sm18 (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid)), and one anthraquinone (GXBA-sm5 (damnacanthal)). In addition, metabolite profiling by UHPLC-QTOF-MS was also investigated, resulting in the identification of 14 xanthones, 6 flavonoids, and 2 benzene derivatives. The extracts and some isolated compounds were also evaluated for their antioxidant and in vitro anticancer activities against four human cancer cell lines: MDA-MB-231 (breast), Huh-7 (liver), A549 (lung), and SW480 (colon). Antioxidant assays revealed that the methanol bark extract (GXBM) showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 23.4 ± 1.0 µg/mL), while the dichloromethane bark extract (GXBD) showed the strongest activity in ABTS (IC50 = 133.8 ± 1.7 µg/mL) and FRAP (IC50 = 104.1 ± 3.2 µg/mL) assays. The isolated compound, (2R,3S)-morelloflavone (GXBA-sm9) exhibited potent antioxidant activity across all assays: DPPH (34.5 ± 0.7 µM), ABTS (298.7 ± 11.0 µM), and FRAP (92.2 ± 0.2 µM), surpassing standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHT (IC50 = 44.1 ± 6.6 µM and 414.3 ± 12.6 µM in DPPH assay, 129.6 ± 0.8 µM and 174.7 ± 3.4 µM in ABTS assay, and 245.4 ± 8.6 µM and 1162.1 ± 16.8 µM in FRAP assay). Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and colony formation were assessed via MTT, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and colony formation assays. Among all extracts, the hexane extract (GXBH) demonstrated the strongest cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 66.9 ± 5.1 µg/mL (MDA-MB-231), 64.7 ± 14.9 µg/mL (Huh-7), 80.0 ± 11.9 µg/mL (A549), and 65.4 ± 7.8 µg/mL (SW480). 7-Geranyloxy-1,3-dihydroxyxanthone (GXBA-sm4) also showed strong activity against MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 24.5 ± 2.31 µM). GXBH significantly induced apoptosis and inhibited colony formation in all four cell lines. These findings demonstrate the potential of G. xanthochymus as a natural source of antioxidants and anticancer agents, supporting its development as an alternative therapeutic candidate.

Mae Fah Luang University. Learning Resources and Educational Media Centre

Address: CHIANG RAI

Email: library@mfu.ac.th

Name: Surat Laphookhieo

Role: Advisor

Created: 2025

Modified: 2026-01-07

Issued: 2026-01-07

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: e-thesis

eng

DegreeName: Master of Science

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Applied Chemistry

Grantor: Mae Fah Luang University

©copyrights Mae Fah Luang University

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