Abstract:
Context: Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 are associated with
hypercoagulability which increase severity of the symptoms of COVID-19, especially in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe and critical symptoms.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of
hypercoagulability and other factors with death within 21 days, use of ventilators, and multiple organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients with severe and critical symptoms.
Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study
included 55 COVID-19 patients with severe or critical symptoms at any given time while hospitalized, aged 15 years old and over and have a history of treatment in Burapha University Hospital, from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. Primary outcomes are the association of hypercoagulability with death within 21 days, use of ventilators, and multiple organ dysfunction in COVID-19 patients with severe or critical symptoms.
Secondary outcomes are other factors affecting the COVID-19 prognosis. The simple
logistic regression was used for analysis of the study outcomes. A p-value of < 0.05 was significant.
Results: The average age of Covid-19 patients with severe or critical symptoms is 64.40 years old. An median value of D-dimer and fibrinogen is 319.56 ng/mL and 423 mg/dL, respectively. 72.77 % of Covid-19 patients with severe or critical symptoms have hypercoagulability. These patients are 2.8 times higher risk of death than the patients without hypercoagulability (p = 0.219), 4.8 times higher risk of using a ventilator (p = 0.154) and 2.0 times higher risk of multiple organ dysfunction (p = 0.317). The patients with more than 50 percent of lung abnormality on chest radiograph had 10.5 times higher risk of death (p = 0.001), 12.3 times higher risk of using a ventilator (p = 0.001) and 6.0 times higher risk of multiple organ dysfunction (p = 0.009). Cerebrovascular disease patients had a 6.7 times higher risk of using a ventilator (p=0.027).
Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with severe or critical symptoms tend to have
hypercoagulability and worse prognosis than patients without this condition. The most obvious factor for poor prognosis is a more than 50 percent of lung abnormality on chest radiograph.