The effects of the integration of indirect feedback and concordances on grammatical accuracy in Thai EFL undergraduate students' writing and self-directed learning

Name: Pipittaporn Inpanich

keyword: Concordances

; EFL undergraduate students

; Grammatical accuracy

; Indirect feedback

; Self-directed learning

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the integration of indirect feedback and concordances on grammatical accuracy in Thai EFL undergraduate students’ writing and self-directed learning and to explore the students’ perceptions toward the intervention. Thirty third-year undergraduate students who studied at a government university in Bangkok were the participants of this study. During the experiment, the students were required to perform three writing tasks. In each writing task, they wrote the first draft and then received both direct and indirect feedback. For indirect feedback, participants were asked to search for words or phrases in a concordance program to help revise their first draft. The pre-test and the post-test were used to assess grammatical accuracy in the students’ writing before and after the experiment. Moreover, the results from the experiment were analyzed. The numbers of grammatical errors in the first draft and the final draft were counted and compared. The questionnaire was used to collect self-report data about the effects of the integration of indirect feedback and concordances on self-directed learning. Additionally, the questionnaire and the semi-structured interview were used to find out the students’ perceptions toward the intervention. The findings revealed that the number of grammatical errors showed a significant decrease in the post-test compared with the pre-test. As a result, the integration of indirect feedback and concordances was seen to be able to improve grammatical accuracy in the students’ writing. Moreover, during the experiment, the students improved grammatical accuracy as the numbers of errors in nouns, subject-verb agreement, and prepositions were greatly reduced in the final draft. Furthermore, the results from the questionnaire revealed that the integration of indirect feedback and concordances could enhance self-directed learning because the students could check grammatical errors and search for concordances by themselves. In addition, the results from the questionnaire and the semi-structured interview showed that the students had positive perceptions toward the intervention because they had a chance to learn from their mistakes after receiving indirect feedback and concordances helped them to induce grammatical patterns. In order to effectively employ the integration of indirect feedback and concordances to improve grammatical accuracy in the students’ writing and self-directed learning in English writing courses, the teachers need to be familiar with the concordance program. Furthermore, the teachers must have a deep understanding of how to give indirect feedback. Finally, even though students are encouraged to be self-directed, the teachers should be helpful and resourceful when the students have learning problems.

Thammasat University. Thammasat University Library

Address: BANGKOK

Email: preserv@tu.ac.th

Name: Monnipha Somphong

Role: advisor

Created: 2022

Modified: 2025-11-21

Issued: 2025-11-21

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

DOI: 10.14457/TU.the.2021.1310

eng

DegreeName: Doctor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: English Language Teaching

Grantor: Thammasat University

©copyrights Thammasat University

ลำดับที่.	ชื่อแฟ้มข้อมูล	ขนาดแฟ้มข้อมูล	จำนวนเข้าถึง	วัน-เวลาเข้าถึงล่าสุด
1	334583Pipittaporn.pdf	5.26 MB

ใช้เวลา

0.028666 วินาที