Durian peel tannin as a natural antimicrobial agent : extraction, characterization, and application in PVA-based packaging materials

Name: Waraporn Phokka

Organization : Burapha University. Faculty of Science

Name: Pichamon Fakthong

Organization : Burapha University. Faculty of Science

Name: Supranee Kaewpirom

Organization : Burapha University. Faculty of Science

Email : kaewpiro@go.buu.ac.th

LCSH: Tannins

LCSH: Durian -- By-products

LCSH: Anti-infective agents

LCSH: Biodegradable plastics

LCSH: Polyvinyl alcohol

Abstract: This study explored the extraction of tannin from durian peel and its potential as an antimicrobial agent for packaging applications. Tannin was extracted using a maceration process with an acetone and water mixture (70:30, v/v), followed by liquid-liquid extraction with hexane to remove non-polar and lipophilic compounds. The resulting crude tannin extract, characterized as reddish-brown crystalline solids, was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results confirmed the presence of characteristic tannin functional groups within the wavenumber range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹. The antibacterial activity of the crude tannin extract was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar well diffusion method. At a concentration of 250 mg/mL, the extract effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.5 mm. Further tests for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that the extract could inhibit Staphylococcus aureus at minimum concentrations of 266 mg/mL and 320 mg/mL, respectively. Tannin-infused films were prepared by incorporating various concentrations of tannin into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution with glycerol as a plasticizer to enhance the films' properties and durability for packaging purposes. The resulting PVA films were transparent, with a thickness ranging from 0.01–0.02 mm. The addition of crude tannin extract resulted in a decrease in stress at break, Young’s modulus, and percentage elongation at break, indicating a change in the mechanical properties of the films. Furthermore, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the PVA and PVA-tannin films was measured, yielding values of 796 ± 62 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 744 ± 26 g m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively. These results suggest that tannin extracted from durian peel has significant potential as an antimicrobial agent, making it suitable for packaging applications.

King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok. Central Library

Address: BANGKOK

Email: library@kmutnb.ac.th

Created: 2025

Modified: 2025-10-29

Issued: 2025-10-29

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BibliograpyCitation : In The Chemical Society of Thailand under the Patronage of Professor Dr. Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn Krom Phra Srisavangavadhana and Suranaree University of Technology. Institute of Science. School of Chemistry. Pure and Applied Chemistry International Conference 2025 (PACCON 2025) (pp.654-658). Bangkok : The Chemical Society of Thailand under the Patronage of Professor Dr. Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn Krom Phra Srisavangavadhana in association with the School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 2025

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