Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of lead in water sample

Name: Apinya Navakhun

Organization : Burapha University. Faculty of Science

Email : apinyan@go.buu.ac.th

Name: Busaracam Pritava

Organization : Burapha University. Faculty of Science

LCSH: Lead compounds -- Analysis

LCSH: Water -- Purification -- Lead removal

LCSH: Furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy

Abstract: In this work, a method for the extraction of lead from water samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by determination with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed. The extraction conditions were optimized using UV-visible spectrometry at 517 nm, with dithizone as the ligand for extraction. Factors affecting extraction efficiency were carried out based on the extraction percentage as the optimum parameter. The optimum conditions included a pH of 10, an extraction solvent and disperser solvent composed of dichloromethane and ethanol in a 1:3 (v/v) ratio, a total volume of 5 mL, an extraction time of 30 seconds, and the addition of 1 g of sodium chloride. For the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, the optimum conditions included a nitric acid concentration of 1.0 mol/L and a solution volume of 30 μL. Under these optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.00–60.00 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9968. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.30 μg/L and 0.99 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility were 4.0–5.4% and 3.7–12.9%, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 70.0% to 95.0%. Additionally, an extraction efficiency of 82.62±3.15% was achieved. This method was applied to determine the lead content in water samples, with results indicating that the amount of lead detected was below the standard values for surface water and seawater set by the Pollution Control Department, Thailand.

King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok. Central Library

Address: BANGKOK

Email: library@kmutnb.ac.th

Created: 2025

Modified: 2025-10-22

Issued: 2025-10-22

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BibliograpyCitation : In The Chemical Society of Thailand under the Patronage of Professor Dr. Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn Krom Phra Srisavangavadhana and Suranaree University of Technology. Institute of Science. School of Chemistry. Pure and Applied Chemistry International Conference 2025 (PACCON 2025) (pp.48-52). Bangkok : The Chemical Society of Thailand under the Patronage of Professor Dr. Her Royal Highness Princess Chulabhorn Krom Phra Srisavangavadhana in association with the School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 2025

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