Kyu, Haemar Ba. Policy lessons from Singapore for Thailands role in the Myanmar arms trade. Master's degree(Public Policy). Chiang Mai University. Library. : Chiang Mai University, .
Policy lessons from Singapore for Thailands role in the Myanmar arms trade
Abstract:
Following the 2021 military coup in Myanmar, the junta has relied on a sprawling international network to procure over USD 1 billion in arms and dual-use materials, enabling systematic violence against civilians. This report investigates Thailands emerging role as a financial conduit in the Myanmar arms trade, particularly after Singapore, once a key supplier, implemented a decisive regulatory crackdown in response to a 2023 United Nations report, reducing arms-related transactions by over 90 percent. Drawing on comparative policy analysis and Policy Network Theory, the study examines how Singapores enforcement reshaped regional procurement dynamics by redirecting arms financing and logistical flows toward Thailand, where fragmented oversight and regulatory gaps allowed the trade to persist. Through analysis of official statements, legal amendments, and expert insights, the report explores how Thailands response, despite recent developments such as the creation of the Myanmar Arms Finance Task Force and updates to anti-money laundering laws, remains cautious and fragmented. Strategic ambiguity, shaped by historical buffer-state policies and complex border geopolitics, further complicates enforcement. As a newly elected member of the United Nations Human Rights Council (2025-2027), Thailand faces mounting pressure to align its financial governance with its human rights commitments. The report concludes by offering targeted policy recommendations, including the establishment of a comprehensive strategic goods control regime, ratification of the Arms Trade Treaty, enhanced interagency coordination, targeted embargoes on aviation fuel, and transparency mandates for financial institutions. These reforms are essential not only to disrupt arms flows into Myanmar but also to reinforce Thailands credibility as a regional human rights actor and international financial hub.