Phopthorn Maneepong. Hydromechanics process on displacement and instability of pit walls at Mae Moh Mine. Master's Degree(Mining and Georesources Engineering). Chiang Mai University. Library. : Chiang Mai University, 2025.
Hydromechanics process on displacement and instability of pit walls at Mae Moh Mine
Abstract:
The hydromechanical (HM) coupling process is one of the significant geological processes in open-pit slopes that can reduce the shear strength of rock masses and potentially lead to catastrophic pit wall failures. This process plays a crucial role at the Mae Moh Mine in Lampang province, one of the largest open-pit coal mines in Southeast Asia. Slope failure mechanisms at the Mae Moh Mine are primarily governed by geological structures formed through a complex tectonic history during the development of the Mae Moh Basin. Although numerous pit wall failure incidents related to geological structures, mining activities, and precipitation events have been frequently reported, a comprehensive study on the effects of HM coupling on pit wall stability at the Mae Moh Mine has not been widely conducted. Therefore, the aims of this research are to elucidate the role of the HM coupling process and to evaluate the factor of safety (FS) as influenced by the HM coupling process in relation to pit wall stability. The study areas were divided into two distinct zones: 1) the southeast pit wall, which experienced a massive reverse toe sliding failure in 2015, and 2) the C1-west wall, where the failure mechanism is governed by a relay ramp structure. Available field geotechnical monitoring data, including extensometers, inclinometers, piezometers, geo-robot surface displacement monitoring, and slope stability radar, were integrated with numerical analysis. The numerical models were conducted using a 3D distinct element method under three scenarios: 1) dry slope conditions, 2) traditional effective stress analysis with a water table, and 3) HM coupling analysis with a water table. The results reveal that the HM coupling scenario produced the lowest factor of safety (FS) and the highest displacement for both pit walls, reasonably matched with the field monitoring data. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the HM coupling process was initiated by stress relaxation or de-stressing due to mining excavations, which alters the hydraulic properties of weak planes. Subsequent precipitation events increase pore water pressure within these planes, contributing to pit wall deformation and instability. Additionally, this HM coupling process is expected to continue cyclically as mining operations progress in the future. The study recommends that engineers at the Mae Moh Mine should consider the HM coupling scenario into their slope design process. Likewise, a more comprehensive subsurface geotechnical monitoring program should be implemented to effectively capture this complex phenomenon on a large scale.