Shamsa Sabir. Assessment of urinary oxidative stress biomarkers associated with PM2.5 exposure in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Master's Degree(Health Sciences Research). Chiang Mai University. Library. : Chiang Mai University, 2024.
Assessment of urinary oxidative stress biomarkers associated with PM2.5 exposure in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Abstract:
Exposure to particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is increasingly recognized as a significant environmental health concern. particularly due to its association with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. including non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease and respiratory disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers in a specific population in Chiang Mai, Thailand, where air quality issues are prominent. A pilot prospective observational study was conducted in the Samoeng District of Chiang Mai, involving 25 healthy participants aged between 25 and 60 years. Urine samples were collected during two distinct periods: the high PM2.5 season (March to April 2023) and the low PM2.5 season (May to July 2023). Daily PM2.5 concentrations were monitored using data from the NTAQHI website, providing a comprehensive overview of exposure levels. The biomarkers analyzed included 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), malondialdehyde (MDA) assessed via spectrophotometry, and 8-iso- prostaglandin 2α (8-iso-PGF2α) quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The study revealed significant increases in urinary levels of 1-OHP. MDA, and 8-iso- PGF2α during the high PM2.5 season compared to the low season with P-Value <0.05, indicating heightened oxidative stress. Specifically, the mean PM2.5 concentration during the high pollution season was 67 µg/m3, in stark contrast to 7 µg/m3 during the low pollution season. These elevated biomarker levels suggest a clear correlation between increased PM2.5 exposure and oxidative stress. The findings of this study highlight a significant association between elevated PM2.5 levels and increased oxidative stress biomarkers among participants in Chiang Mai, Thailand. This research underscores the potential health risks associated with higher concentrations of PM2.5 exposure, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and intervention strategies to mitigate air pollution and its health impacts. The study contributes to the growing body of evidence linking environmental pollutants to adverse health outcomes, particularly regarding the role of oxidative stress in the development of non-communicable diseases.