Abstract:
This researchs aim is 1) to study of the five Anupama in Jain philosophy, 2) to study of the five Precepts in Theravada Buddhist philosophy and 3) to comparative study of the five Anupama and the five Precepts in Theravada Buddhist philosophy. This is a qualitative research by studying from the Tripitaka, Buddhist scriptures and research documents. The data of research are analyzed and used descriptive method.
The result of research found that;
Five Anupamas of Jain philosophy was the primary practice of laypeople. Five vows were; 1) Ahimsa, non-violence, 2) Satya, truth, 3) Asteya, non-stealing, 4) Brahmacariya, chastity and 5) Aparigraha, non-possession. Five Anupamas sometime called Maha-anupama or Anupatinya. The practice for clergy called five Maha-anupama. The practice for householder called five Anuparmas. This would reduce from chastity to malpractice to women not own wife and abstaining from prostitute.
Five precepts in Theravada Buddhist philosophy was the primary practice of layman. 5 points were; 1) Pānātipātā Veramanī, refrain from taking life, 2) Adinnādānā Veramanī, refrain from stealing, 3) Kāmesu micchācārā Veramanī: refrain from sexual misconduct, 4) Musāvādā Veramanī: refrain from wrong speech, and 5) Surāmerayamajjha pamādaṭṭhānā Veramanī: refrain from intoxicant.
Comparing the Jaina philosophy to Theravada Buddhist philosophy, it found that the first Anupama was similar to the first Precepts. The second Anupama was similar to the fourth Precepts. The third Anupama was similar to the second Precepts. The fourth Amupama was similar to the third Precepts. The other was different. Five Anupama and five Precepts were the universal principles for mankind. Those refrained human from destroying each other and made peace for society.