Abstract:
The purposes of this study were: 1) to study Parivāsakamma in Theravada Buddhism 2) to study Parivāsakamma of the Buddhist Monks in Wat Nongkhon, Phonphaeng District, Nongkhai Province and 3) to study the results of Parivāsakamma of the Buddhist monks towards the Buddhists in Nongkhon Village, Phonphaeng District Nongkhai Province. This research was the qualitative research by studying the data from the documents and field study in order to collect the data from the interview.
The results of the research were found that for the background of Parivāsakamma in the Theravada Buddhism, Parivāsakamma of the Buddhist monks has come from the time of the Buddha as appeared in ādhakammika it means the Buddhist monk who was the beginner of an ordinance of Sanghādisesa as appeared including the act of probationary ritual and as appeared in Dhamma and Vinaya consisting of Four divisions, that is, Appaticchannaparivāsa, Paticchannapivāsa, Samodhāparivāsa and Suddhantaparivāsa. Each one has the cause of the act of probationary ritual in order to from that offence.
The present situation of Parivāsakamma of the Buddhist monks in Wat Nongkhon Phonphaeng Sub-district, Ratanavapi District, Nongkhai Province was found that the ritual is practiced as the tradition that is called Suddhantaparivāsa. It is only a Curasuddhantaparivāsa in E-san region, on because of this, it is very easy for practice, not to have a lot of steps just like the other probationary rituals. If any Buddhist monk violates the heavy offence, he realizes of his own offence how long he violates and he asks for the act of probationary ritual in accordance with the number of days as he keeps it as top secrete or for 10 days and 9 nights only. The tradition of Parivāsakamma in the present, emphases the practical training including the subjects of meditation to maintain and to propagate Buddhism for stability and prevalence.
The Parivāsakamma of the Buddhist monks resulting in the impact on the Buddhists in the region of Wat Nongkhon, Phonphaeng Sub-district, Ratanavapi District, Nongkhai Province was found that the Parivāsakamma is one of the ancient Heet Sibsong traditions and Kongsibsi of E-san people. All these traditions have been still preserved in the present. The relationship of Parivāsakamma and the way of life of Nongkhon people is managed as the yearly merit- making of Parivāsakamma of Wat Nongkhon that impacts on the cultural aspect. Parivāsakamma is considered as the important tradition in 12 months of E-san people. Nongkhon people take this tradition as the importance continuously in order to prolong Buddhism. In the social aspect, the tradition of Parivāsakamma encourages people in the area of Wat Nongkhon create the unity by living together happily. In the educational aspect, it encourages people to learn Parivāsakamma in order to encourage the offsprings to inherit all these tradition. In the economical aspect, the majority of merchants will make the economic atmosphere better in the village that is the place of Parivāsakamma. It creates a lot of trades and it spreads out the profits to the community.