Effectiveness and safety of high dose Enalapril Versus combination of low dose Enalapril and Manidipine in type 2 diabetic patients with Hypertension and Albuminuria
Abstract:
Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of high-dose enalapril compared to low-dose enalapril combined with manidipine in type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled hypertension and albuminuria. Methods: An open label randomized controlled trial was conducted at Pa Sang Hospital, Lamphun Province. Patients were divided into two groups. The control group received high-dose enalapril (30 - 40 mg/day). The experimental group received low-dose enalapril (5 - 20 mg/day) combined with manidipine (10 - 20 mg/day). Data were collected over 24 weeks, with three assessments of treatment outcomes at day 0, week 12 ± 2, and week 24 ± 2. A modified intention to treat analysis was performed on patients who received at least one dose of the study medication. Differences in variables between groups were tested using t-test or Fishers exact test. Treatment outcomes were compared using Generalized Estimating Equation. Results: Both high-dose enalapril and low-dose enalapril combined with manidipine effectively reduced blood pressure and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) in patients with albuminuria with no significant differences between them. High-dose enalapril demonstrated a better and significant efficacy in reducing UACR levels in patients with macroalbuminuria compared to low-dose enalapril combined with manidipine. However, the overall treatment efficacy did not differ significantly between the two regimens in patients with microalbuminuria. In terms of safety, patients in the high-dose enalapril group experienced a statistically significant higher incidence of cough compared to the low-dose enalapril combined with manidipine group. No significant differences were observed in other side effects. Conclusion: In type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled hypertension and albuminuria, both high-dose enalapril and low-dose enalapril combined with manidipine are viable treatment options