Relationship between urban heat island and green space conversion; case study: Bangkok

Name: Pichakorn Charoenpornanukul

keyword: Green spaces.

LCSH: Kasetsart University -- Theses. M.S. (Environmental Technology and Management) 2022

Classification :.LCCS: QC981.7.U7

LCSH: Kasetsart University. -- Department of Environmental Technology and Management -- Theses

LCSH: Urban heat island

LCSH: Landsat satellites

LCSH: Remote sensing

LCSH: Geographic information systems

Abstract: Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand has seen rapid urbanization in the past few years. Land cover has changed to many surfaces that have increased heat accumulation leading to an increased surface area and air temperatures that contribute to the growing urban heat island (UHI) effect. This research analyzed how land cover and green space conversion have affected the land surface temperature and compared the land surface temperature with regard to the cooling effects of green spaces in Bangkok. Spatial data were collected for Bangkok during the 10 years from 2013 to 2022 based on Landsat 8 satellite images. Relevant factors were analyzed and extracted: land cover type, land surface temperature (LST), normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), landscape structure features, and cooling effects. The results of the study showed that new green space was 13.59%, green space exchange was 10.37%, green space loss was 11.61% (mostly in suburban areas), and the unchanged land cover was 64.4%, with the type of impervious land being dominant, having not only the largest area but also the most complex geometrical pattern and highest connection. The average LST of Bangkok was in the range 31.19– 38.91°C , with a statistically significant increase annually[AW1] . The distribution of relative land surface temperature (RLST) in the city center to suburban areas had a downward trend, with the further away from the city center, the lower the temperature. However, an increase in the distribution of RLST had begun in some suburban areas. This may have been due to the change from green space to impervious land causing heat accumulation and resulting in higher temperatures. Bangkok had a significantly lower LST level of green spaces than for the other land cover types. All of the 51 parks in Bangkok sampled had significantly lower land surface temperatures than their surrounding areas. The land surface temperature decreased logarithmically with increased park size. While the maximum cool island intensity and the maximum cooling area increased logarithmically with the increased size of the park and the maximum cooling distance, the maximum cooling efficiency decreased with increased park size. This indicated that the size of the park was not significant regarding the cooling effects of the park on the surrounding areas. Therefore, this study could provide guidelines for relevant organizations in strategic planning and the application of the cooling effects and ecosystem services of green spaces for cities affected by the UHI effect to reduce potential future heat health risks to city dwellers.

Kasetsart University. Office of the University Library

Address: Bangkok

Email: tdckulib@ku.ac.th

Name: Tunlawit Satapanajaru

Role: Thesis Advisor

Name: Ann Kambhu Na Ayudhya

Role: Thesis CO-Advisor

Created: 2022

Modified: 2025-07-22

Issued: 2025-07-22

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

URL: https://www.lib.ku.ac.th/KUthesis/2565/pichakorn-cha-all.pdf

CallNumber: QC981.7.U7 .P53

eng

DegreeName: Master of Science

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Environmental Technology and Management

Grantor: Kasetsart University

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