International measures to solve transboundary pollution problems A case study of noise pollution in the border area within Chiang Saen district, Chiang Rai province, Thailand and golden triangle special economic zone, muang Tonpheung, Bokeo province, Lao PDR
Abstract:
This thesis aims to examine the concepts and theories related to the prevention and resolution of transboundary noise pollution. It also investigates existing policies and legal frameworks at the regional, bilateral, and national levels concerning the management of such issues. The study specifically focuses on a case analysis of the border area between Chiang Saen District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, and the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone in Ton Pheung District, Bokeo Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic, which has been significantly and continuously affected by noise-generating activities.
The study found that the promotion and development of special economic zones (SEZs) in the ASEAN region are aimed at enhancing the quality of life and expanding economic opportunities for border communities. However, these developments have also resulted in uncontrolled commercial activities that generate severe noise pollution. In particular, the Lao PDR government granted a long-term concession to Chinese investors to develop the Golden Triangle SEZ, leading to the construction of extensive infrastructure and entertainment facilities, such as Chinatown areas, activity plazas, casinos, night markets, and large shopping complexes. These developments have become major sources of noise that adversely affect the physical and mental well-being of people living in nearby Thai communities, especially in Chiang Saen District, Chiang Rai Province, where residents have been continuously disturbed without any concrete remedial measures being implemented.
In response to this problem, the researcher proposes international measures and approaches to effectively and sustainably manage transboundary noise pollution. These include: (1) encouraging the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to establish a specific cooperative framework addressing transboundary noise pollution, and (2) developing a bilateral agreement between Thailand and the Lao People's Democratic Republic that sets out mechanisms for controlling, monitoring, and mitigating transboundary noise impacts. Such mechanisms should incorporate early warning systems, noise level monitoring, public participation, and cooperation at both local and national levels, in accordance with principles of international environmental law.