Abstract:
This research aims to analyze Concept of Beauty in the Romantic Artworks of Francisco de Goya, using key aesthetic frameworks as analytical tools: 1. aesthetic judgment, 2. aesthetic experience, and 3. aesthetic value. These concepts are applied to analyze both art composition and content of twenty selected Romantic artworks of Francisco de Goya, created between 1795 and 1823. The results of this research found that: Concept of Beauty in the Romantic Artworks of Francisco de Goya was influenced by his anti-superstition, personal background, and significant socio-political events of the 18th and 19th centuries, which brought national turmoil and deeply affected the artist. These events shaped Goyas artistic vision, influencing both composition and content. His artworks departed from the rigid artistic conventions of the Renaissance, abandoning traditional themes of mythology, religion, and aristocracy. Instead, Goya integrated social realities with imagination, using beauty as a means of emotional expression and symbolic critique of society. Consequently, aesthetic judgment is shown to be relative, as it varies according to social conditions and historical period, thereby aligning with the concept of relativism. The aesthetic experience found in the Romantic Artworks of Francisco de Goya emerges as a reaction against superstition, cultural background, and the shifting socio-political conditions of his time. These factors exerted significant influence over the artists emotional states feelings of dissatisfaction, disillusionment, distress, and fear which became embedded in his artworks. Such a context indicates that the relationship between Goyas artistic practice and his lived experience was deeply shaped by the transformative forces of social and historical change. The evaluation of beauty in this context cannot be attributed solely to either the artwork or the perceiver, but rather arises from the interaction between art and the perceiver, both of which are situated within the shifting social and historical contexts. In terms of aesthetic value, the Romantic Artworks of Francisco de Goya reflect the social environment he encountered during his lifetime. His artistic practice functioned as both a voice and a mirror of societal issues, including superstition, social injustice, and the brutality of war. Through the depiction of lived realities, his works became accessible and resonant with people across all social classes. Goyas Romantic art can thus be viewed as a medium that not only captured the challenges of his time but also served to raise public consciousness, promoting social awareness and change. His works contributed to the advancement of quality of life in Spain and called for political justice on behalf of the people. As such, the aesthetic value of his art is inseparable from the concept of art for society.