Pattaranai Chaiprom. Temporal and spatial epidemiology of breast cancer in upper northern, Thailand. Doctoral Degree(). Chiang Mai University. Library. : Chiang Mai University, 2568.
Temporal and spatial epidemiology of breast cancer in upper northern, Thailand
Abstract:
The study on temporal and spatial epidemiology of breast cancer in Upper Northern, Thailand aims to investigate the incidence rate, trend, and spatial distribution of BC in the Upper Northern Thailand. This is a retrospective study utilizing secondary data on BC (ICD-10: C50) patients in the Upper Northern Thailand, who were diagnosed between 2002 and 2021 and were registered residents in the eight provinces of the Upper Northern region. The data were obtained from the population-based cancer registry of the Cancer Registry Unit at Lampang Cancer Hospital. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was calculated to present the BC incidence. Chronological changes in the BC trend by areas were analyzed using a join point regression model. The estimated annual percent change (APC) and AAPC were weighted for the entire interval. Spatial distribution of BC was analyzed using Global Morans I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) statistics. Data for the BC incidence was managed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Stata program. The spatial analysis was performed using GeoDa, and Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS). The result shows that the incidence rate of BC in Upper Northern Thailand has shown a consistently increasing trend. The highest incidence rate was recorded during 20172021 (ASIR = 52.13). When analyzed by province, the highest incidence rates during 20022006, 20072011, 20122016, and 20172021 were observed in Lampang (ASIR = 39.59), Lamphun (ASIR = 76.74), Lamphun (ASIR = 53.67), and Chiang Mai (ASIR = 55.49), respectively. The trend of BC incidence in Upper Northern Thailand from 2002 to 2021 showed a statistically significant increase, with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 5.3%. During 20022008, the incidence rate increased sharply, with an annual percent change (APC) of 11.2% per year. This upward trend continued at a slower rate from 2008 to 2018, with an APC of 3.9% per year, which was also statistically significant. In the later period, from 2018 to 2021, the trend showed a slight decline, with an APC of -1.4% per year, which was not statistically significant. When analyzed by province, the data revealed a statistically significant upward trend in BC incidence from 2002 to 2021 in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Nan, and Phayao, with average annual percent change (AAPC) of 3.3%, 2.3%, 1.8%, 7.4%, 14.3%, and 7.7%, respectively. The spatial distribution analysis of BC in northern Thailand revealed statistically significant clustering during the periods 20022006, 20072011, 20122016, and 20172021, with Morans I values of 0.679, 0.446, 0.241, and 0.193, respectively. In 20022006, clustering was observed in twenty-five districts across three provinces. From 2007 to 2011, clusters were identified in fourteen districts across six provinces. Between 2012 and 2016, clustering was observed in nine districts across two provinces, while in 20172021, clusters were found in eight districts across two provinces. The study findings indicate that the incidence of BC in Upper Northern Thailand has shown a consistently increasing trend, with significant clustering observed in districts across several provinces. Relevant agencies can use these results to plan and promote proactive BC screening and prevention activities at the local level, particularly in areas with high clustering or high incidence rates.