Innovation of English learning based on flipped classroom integrated with cognitive processes to enhance English reading comprerehension of Thai undergraduate students
Abstract:
This research aimed to develop the Innovation of English Learning based on Flipped Classroom integrated with Cognitive Process (IELFIC) to enhance English reading comprehension of undergraduate students, and to evaluate the effects of using the IELFIC innovation. The study employed an experimental design with experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 90 second-year undergraduate students from a public university selected through multi-stage sampling. The research instruments included: 1) the IELFIC-based English learning innovation used in five learning sessions totaling 20 hours, 2) an English reading comprehension test, and 3) a working memory assessment. Statistical analyses used included mean, standard deviation, one-way MANOVA, and paired t-tests. The results indicated that: 1) The IELFIC was evaluated as highly appropriate overall (M = 4.73, SD = 0.38). 2) The posttest mean score for English reading comprehension in the experimental group was significantly higher than the pretest mean score at the .01 level, increasing from 22.78 to 30.38. 3) The posttest mean score for working memory in the experimental group was also significantly higher than the pretest mean score at the .01 level, rising from 29.82 to 34.67. 4) The experimental groups posttest mean scores for English reading comprehension and working memory were significantly higher than those of the control group at the .01 level. The experimental groups average posttest reading comprehension and working memory scores were 30.38 and 34.67, respectively, while the control groups scores were 27.58 and 32.44, respectively.