Abstract:
The objective of this research was to investigate the histone deacetylase inhibitors and anti-cancer activity. The natural products of ginger were isolated by using chromatography methods. The major natural products ([6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol) were synthesized to their derivatives. All compounds were tested for inhibitory activity against histone deacetylases. All derivatives showed moderate and good histone deacetylase inhibition at 50 and 100 µM, respectively. Compounds 1B, 1E, 1F and 1G showed % histone deacetylase inhibition more than 50% and 80% at 50 and 100 µM, respectively. They were further evaluated for isoform selectivity via molecular docking study. Compounds 1B, 1E and 1G showed the best selectivity towards HDAC2. HDAC2 occur in human lung cancer, hepatic cancer, colon cancer and breast cancer. While, compound 1F showed the best selectivity towards HDAC8. HDAC8 active in gastric cancer and oral cancer. The potential derivatives (1B, 1E, 1F and 1G) were tested on cancer cell lines with MTT-based assay at 25 µM, 72 hrs. The most active histone deacetylase inhibitor 1B exhibited the best antiproliferative activity against lung cancer (A549) and colon cancer (H29) with the antiproliferative values of 2.17±1.65 and 8.91±0.79 µM, respectively. Whereases, 1F exhibited the best antiproliferative activity against HeLa, colon cancer (HCT116) with the antiproliferative values of 5.37±0.07 and 3.15±0.72 µM, respectively. The results suggested that these compounds can be putative candidates for the development of anticancer drugs.
Keywords: ginger; [6]-shogaol derivatives; [6]-gingerol derivatives; anticancer; molecular docking