Abstract:
This descriptive research aimed to examine the relationships between selected factors and emergency department (ED) crowding reduction. The selected factors included policy and support systems, medical staffing, patient flow management strategies, triage and efficiency management, and effective communication within teams and with patients and relatives. The participants were 111 registered nurses working in emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Health Service Area 11. Data were collected using questionnaires validated by five experts, with Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients ranging from .837 to .979. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that all selected factors had moderate positive correlations with ED crowding reduction, as perceived by nurses, with statistical significance at the .01 level.Medical staffing showed the strongest correlation (r=.433), followed by triage and efficiency management(r=.355), effective communication (r=.355), policy and support systems (r=.354), and patient flow management strategies (r=.314), respectively. These findings suggest the necessity for implementing strategic measures, including adjusting staffing levels to match patient volume, improving triage system efficiency and accuracy, enhancing communication systems, and implementing technology for patient data management to maximize service efficiency.