GIS assisted assessment of environmental quality and socio-economic conditions for sustainable water and sanitation at Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary in Myanmar

Name: Aye, Nyein Thu, 1994-

LCSH: Water quality -- Burma

LCSH: Water resources development -- Burma

Abstract: Wetlands are very important natural resources in Myanmar. In 1904, British people constructed a water storage reservoir for the multipurpose in the Bago region, Myanmar. Many years later, the reservoir changed into the wetland. At present, overall 77% villagers from the 17 villages around the Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary (MWWS) directly depend on the wetland for their livelihoods. Currently, increased anthropogenic activities such as draining of untreated wastewaters and effluents from the residential area, resort, quarry mill, use of chemical fertilizers for agriculture, raising livestock grazing and water over use have altered the physical and chemical processes of the Moeyungyi Wetland (MW). Hence, this study was carried out to assess the surface water quality and sediment quality in the MW and the assessment of human activities of the wetland communities. Surface water and sediment sampling was conducted in two events: October, 2019 (rainy season) and January, 2020 (dry season), collecting the samples from the same ten selected locations in the MW. Furthermore, socio-economic survey was conducted in the 7 villages located around the MWWS during November and December 2019. Surface water quality analysis revealed high iron, BOD5, turbidity and water temperature in the MW such as (1.1-3.2 mg/L), (8-12 mg/L), (13.1-51.5 NTU) and (31.42-35.05°C) during the rainy season and (1.12-4.8 mg/L), (2-6 mg/L), (70.3-230 NTU) and (23.94-29.29 °C) during the dry season. On the other hand, low values of water pH and DO were observed as (4.37-6.04) and (2.76-5.79 mg/L) in the rainy season and (4.22-6.79) and (4.8-8.3 mg/L) in the dry season. Based on sediment quality analysis, it was found that the wetland sediment was acidic and the organic matter quality was ranged between medium and poor in the MW due to the values of pH sediment and carbon nitrogen ratio such as (4.11-5.66) and (4.44-14.2) during the rainy season and (4.58-5.61) and 4.14-15.3) during the dry season. Chromium content was not found in any sediment sample during two seasons. Ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolation in ArcGIS10.4 was applied to analyze the distribution patterns of selected surface water and sediment quality parameters in the wetland. Kriging results showed that water pollution sources such as residential area, resort, quarry mill, agricultural and livestock grazing lands located in the upstream side of the MW could be responsible for the wetland water pollution because BOD and iron in the wetland water were much increased in the upstream side and decreased along to the downstream side due to the wetland's purification capacity. ArcGIS 10.4 Euclidean distance and weighted overlay analysis were applied to indicate the wetland water quality classification zones based on the surrounding factors. This result pointed out that approximately 19.12% of the wetland area had the poor water quality. The rest of large area 80.72% had the moderate water quality and very small area about 0.16% had the high-water quality. Based on the socio-economic survey, it was found that some water-related diseases were occurred mostly in the downstream villages which depend on the wetland water for the purposes of drinking and domestic. The local inhabitants in the interviewed villages applied the chemical fertilizers and pesticides for the agricultural lands, largest percentage of fishing and livestock grazing in the Moeyungyi Wetland and this manner could degrade the water and sediment quality of MW. In conclusion, MW is still not only treating the wastewater inflow but also serving as the water purifying system for the various purposes based on the experimental and GIS results. However, the wetland water and sediment quality was starting to degrade due to the negative impacts from the human activities on the MW in different ways. This can be a serious threat to the sustainable development of MWWS to provide the sustainable safe water to the local communities. Thus, it is very important to conserve the natural treasures in Myanmar like the MWWS (Natural Reserve) before the wetland reaches the point beyond its self-purification capacity.

Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center

Address: NAKHONPATHOM

Email: liwww@mahidol.ac.th

Name: Nawatch Surinkul

Role: Thesis Advisors

Name: Ranjna Jindal

Role: Thesis Advisors

Name: Romanee Thongdara

Role: Thesis Advisors

Created: 2020

Modified: 2568-04-17

Issued: 2025-04-15

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

eng

DegreeName: Master of Engineering

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Environmental and Water Resources Engineering

Grantor: Mahidol University

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