Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching practices in utilizing students' mathematical ideas toward meeting lesson objectives in a classroom using lesson study and open approach. The researcher used lesson study as an action research methodology. The theoretical frameworks concerning the seeking of lesson subject matters for designing tasks, an open approach as a teaching approach and the teachers' reflective practice and multiplicative thinking were conceptualized, conducted and analyzed in this study. The target groups consisted of seven teachers in a school lesson study team and forty second graders who were studying during the academic year 2017 at Tonkla School, Chiang Mai. The data was collected through two phases of lesson study cycles using video- audio taped recording, taking photographs and teacher's field notes. The analyzed data were teaching practice's scenario protocols and photographs, teacher's field notes, lesson plans and students' written works. Content analysis and protocol analysis with video analysis were employed to analyze the research data. The findings were presented in terms of analytical description. The findings revealed that placing the importance of students' mathematical ideas through the process of lesson study and open approach helped teachers to develop, improve and change their teaching practices. The followings were the research findings presented in the form of the lesson study cycle. (1) ""Plan "" phase was to develop teaching practices including - (1.1) seeking lesson subject matters for designing tasks started with analyzing mathematical real world related to the students' daily life embedded with different levels of mathematical ideas related to lesson objectives, seeking students' difficulties for problem solving concerning the previous thinking tools from students' perspective on multiplication problem solving in order to anticipate students' problem solving strategies, classifying students' multiplicative thing levels and used them to formulate lesson subject matters which address lesson objectives and also design open-ended problem situations and (1.2) orchestrating discourse which related to multiplicative ideas in accordance with lesson objectives included selecting and sequencing students' mathematical ideas, designing space to enhance communication for writing in worksheets, promoting critical questioning for sharing ideas, designing backboard organization for connecting students' problem solving ideas and formulating questions for whole-class discussion. (2) ""Do phase, lesson study team developed teaching practices through open approach by focusing on using open-ended problem situation relating to students' daily life on multiplication to encourage students to recognize the meaning, operation and application. After that, the teacher observed and collected the students' multiplicative ideas which related to lesson objectives and then sequencing and connecting multiplicative thinking through questioning and finally the teacher together with the students summarized the lesson based on the lesson objectives. (3) ""See"" phase, paving attention to content on mathematical structure resulted from ""plan"" and ""do"" phases have made changes in teachers' reflective practices from descriptive reflection, describing student problem solving strategies without any or clear evidences related to multiplicative thinking to analytical reflection, explaining the difference between students' multiplicative ideas and problem solving solutions as resulted from teaching practices and giving suggestions to improve teaching practices in utilizing students' mathematical ideas toward meeting lesson objectives in the next lesson study cycle more effectively.