Development of problem-based learning system with scaffolding using intelligent chatbot to enhance information literacy skills of undergraduate students
Abstract:
The objectives of this research are as follows: 1) To study and design learning scaffolding that aligns with the information literacy skills framework, 2) To develop a problem-based learning system with scaffolding using an intelligent chatbot to enhance information literacy skills, 3) To examine the effects of the online learning system that utilizes problem-based learning and an intelligent chatbot on enhancing information literacy skills among undergraduate students, and 4) To investigate the factors that are related to the information literacy skills of undergraduate students who study with the developed system. The sample were 396 twelfth-grade students, 17 experts, and 50 undergraduate students. Data analysis procedures were descriptive statistics, the K-means decision tree, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for location, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The results of the grouping based on information literacy skills (n = 396) yielded three groups: high, medium, and low. The accuracy rate was found to be 94.19% based on the classification criteria for information literacy skills, which consisted of a total of 74 criteria. The learning system is designed to use five blended styles of scaffolding. 2. The developed learning system consists of four components: 1) a learning system 2) scaffolding using an intelligent chatbot 3) problem situations, and 4) assessment. The learning process consisted of 4 steps: 1) present the problem 2) identify the problem 3) explore information 4) solve the problem. The system has the capability to categorize learners into three are a total nine lessons designed around problem-solving scenarios. The evaluation results by the experts are at a very high level (Mean = 4.61, S.D = 0.20). 3. Comparing information literacy skills score of learners who studied independently at least 50 minutes, significantly higher average scores were found post-study at the .05 level of statistical significance. 4. The post-learning information literacy skills test scores showed a significant positive correlation (.553) with the time spent on the online learning system, with a significance level of .05.