Abstract:
There were two objectives of this research paper; 1) to study the contents and Buddhas teachings appeared in Dukkha Sutta, and 2) to apply the contents and principalities in Dukkha Sutta into practical task of insight meditation. This was documentary research done by taking many compendiums in Theravada Buddhism, i.e., Tipitaka and its related commentaries such as Pakarana and Visuddhimagga, along with approved documents from academic lectures, then analysis, and finally written in descriptive type.
The results of the study revealed that Dukkha Sutta is a discourse which the Buddha taught two groups of Dhamma to meditator Bhikkhus, each of which consisted of six elements, namely, the Dhamma in the category of unwholesome, which consisted of six: 1) sensual pleasure thought, 2) ill-will, 3) thought of violence, 4) sensual pleasure perception. 5) ill-will perception, and 6) violence perception, which cause suffering, fervor, and wrong destiny after death, i.e., hell entering, beast, and an animal world, and there are 6 virtues in the category of wholesomeness, namely, 1) thought of renunciation, 2) thought of free from hatred, 3) thought of non-violence, 4) renunciation perception, 5) perception free from ill-will, and 6) perception free from violence, which all lead to happiness, peace, non-resentment, happy realm after death. The word Dukkha was described by commentator as badly look due to its dirty, emptiness due to uncontrol of any permanent self, resentment due to being eliminated and danger, restlessness due to physical and mental wondering, and un-escapable in the mean of certainty for wish or it must be born in that wrong destiny.
In the practice of Vipassana meditation found in Dukkha Sutta, it was found that this discourse was a direct practice of vipassana meditation in the category of Dhammānupassanā by observing sensual pleasure thought etc. which is unwholesome. When the meditator realized such objects, his mind will reach to renunciation thought which is wholesome. Having completely understood these six virtues in both sides, he will soon comprehend his insight and knowing the common manners of all phenomena falling into ever-changing, contradictory and non-self, continuing his insight seeing Noble truth as they really are, in which it supports insight practice in advance for attaining Insight Knowledge respectably until final attainment of Noble Path and Fruit and Nibbana in the end.