The development of multisensory positive memory stimulation to reduce the risk of depressive disorder in people wiht depression : behavioral and electroencephalography studies
Abstract:
The objectives of this study were (i) to develop multisensory positive memory
stimulation (M-PMS), (ii) to develop multisensory depression and emotional awareness
tasks, and (iii) to investigate the effects of M-PMS on decreasing depression. The
participants consisted of 57 young adults with mild depression. An experimental group,
consisting of 29 participants, received M-PMS therapy; a control group with 28 participants
received psychoeducation. The Beck Depression Inventory-II, the computerized Depression
Task (DT), and Emotional Awareness Task (EAT) were used to index dependent variables.
EEG data were recorded by using the Emotiv EPOC Neuroheadset. Data were analyzed
using chi-square test, t-test, MANOVA and effect size.
The results indicated that the development of the M-PMS therapy, and also the
depression and emotional awareness tasks, evidenced high content validity and reliability.
The M-PMS group had a lower symptom of depression than did the control group after
receiving the intervention (p<.05). The intervention group had a higher score for the DT
than the control group, with a moderate effect size (ES=.78), whereas the score for the EAT
was comparable between two groups. For the DT, the post-intervention relative power of
the Alpha wave of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control
group. Nonetheless, the relative power of the Beta wave in the intervention group was
significantly higher than that of the control group. For the EAT, the post-intervention
relative power of the Beta wave in the intervention group was significantly higher than that
of the control group. Nonetheless, it was found that within-intervention and control groups
showed no difference.