Abstract:
The aims of this research were 1) to study the chemical structures of crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves and identify their flavonoids, 2) to study the efficiency of crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves as a tyrosinase inhibitor, 3) to investigate the optimum ratio between crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves as a tyrosinase inhibitor, 4) to develop a tyrosinase inhibition lotion made from the mix of crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves, and 5) to transfer the research knowledge to undergraduate students under the title of Lotion Development from Mixed Herbal Crude Extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. Leaves. The data concerning the crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves were obtained via a maceration process using ethanol as a solvent. The analysis of the total phenolic, tannin and flavonoid contents was done. The flavonoids found in the crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves were identified using the TLC Fingerprint technique. The efficiency of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flower and Psidium guajava Linn. leave crude extracts as a tyrosinase inhibitor were analyzed. Then, the optimum ratio between the crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves as a tyrosinase inhibitor was determined. A cytotoxicity test of the extract of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves was performed. The physical properties and some chemical properties of the developed lotion using Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves were tested. Moreover, in order to transfer the research knowledge, a practice training package was developed and entitled Lotion Development from Mixed Herbal Crude Extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. Flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. Leaves as a Tyrosinase Inhibitor. The practical training package was used with 30 undergraduate students. Education tools such as the practical training package, tool accuracy prior to use, and index of Congruence were chosen for this standard. Mean deviation and t-test were used, standard deviation and t-test were used to evaluate the knowledge prior and after the training program. The results were as follows: 1) The total phenolic contents of the crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves were 0.11 and 0.39 mg of gallic / g of extract, respectively. The total contents of tannin were 0.09 and 0.37 mg of tannic acid / g of extract, respectively, while the total flavonoid contents were 0.15 and 0.42 mg of rutin / g of extract, respectively. The percentages of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves in the crude extracts were 5.70 % and 4.56 %, respectively. The flavonoids were also identified using the TLC fingerprint technique. 2) The crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves showed tyrosinase inhibition properties with IC50 of 6.20 and 6.89 mg/mL. compared to using Kojic acid (IC50 = 1.30 mg / mL). 3) The optimum ratio of the tyrosinase inhibitor from Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves was found to be 3 with IC50 = 4.07 mg/mL. No cytotoxicity was observed. 4) The development of the lotion from the crude extracts of Carthamus tinctorius Linn. flowers and Psidium guajava Linn. leaves showed that the white lotion was homogeneous without any phase separations. The pH value of the lotion was 6.5. 5) The training program was set up, and the results showed that the Index of Congruence = 1.00. After the training program, the students were more knowledgeable than prior to the training program at a statistical level of 0.05. The training satisfaction was at a high level ( = 4.08, S.D. = 0.69).