Fungicolous fungi on mushrooms with an emphasis on morels

Name: Yu, Fengming

keyword: Fungal Diseases

MeSH: Mycoses

Classification :.DDC: e-Theses

; Mushroom-related Fungicolous Fungi

MeSH: Mushrooms

MeSH: Fungicolous fungi -- 223445

MeSH: Species diversity

LCSH: Mycoses

LCSH: Mushrooms

LCSH: Fungicolous fungi -- 223445

LCSH: Species diversity

Abstract: Fungicolous fungi are a large and diverse ecological group, which is distributed in many lineages across the fungal kingdom. Mushroom-related fungicolous fungi are a species-rich group, and they are famous for their fascinating trophic patterns, and nutritional and pharmaceutical values, as well as the destructive power to mushrooms. In total, 340 fungicolous fungi associated with mushrooms from southwest China and northern Thailand were evaluated and identified by employing both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Most of the newly collected mushroom-related fungicolous samples account for the majority of the genus Hypomyces (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). The representative Hypomyces species were H. amaniticola, H. australis, H. boletiphagus, H. cervinus, H. chrysospermus, H. microspermus, H. mycophilus, H. perniciosus, H. pseudolactifluorum, H. rosellus, and H. stephanomatis. Two new species (Pseudocosmospora diversispora and Unguiculariopsis yunnanensis), two new combinations (Trichoderma solmsii and Unguiculariopsis globosa), and two new host records (Debaryomyces hansenii and Diutina scorzettiae) were identified. The comprehensive reviews of genera Hypomyces and Tolypocladium are provided. An updated species checklist of mushroom-related fungicolous fungi is provided, and includes 932 species, which are distributed among six phyla, 23 classes, 56 orders, 126 families, and 275 genera. With the expansion of the cultivation of edible mushrooms, fungal diseases have become an important factor in limiting their production. Numerous fungi can cause mushroom deformation or rots. This study reports on the fungal diseases found during Morchella cultivation in China, focusing on morphology and phylogeny. The key findings include (1) a new family Albomorchellophilaceae in Hypocreales, and a novel monotypic genus Albomorchellophila with the type species A. morchellae. Divergence time estimates indicate that Albomorchellophilaceae diverged from its sister family Calcarisporiaceae at ca. 103 (90–117) MYA; (2) the phylogeny and morphology of the family Pseudodiploosporeaceae (Hypocreales) is redefined. The family contains a single genus Pseudodiploospora. Intraspecific genetic analyses of Pseudodiploospora longispora reveals significant base differences within strains, especially in the regions of protein-coding genes RPB2 and TEF; (3) five fungicolous taxa, i.e., Clonostachys solani, Cylindrodendrum alicantinum, Hypomyces aurantius, Hypomyces rosellus and Trichothecium roseum, are reported as pathogens on cultivated morels for the first time. In addition, the previously reported pathogens of morels, Clonostachys rosea, Hypomyces odoratus and Pseudodiploospora longispora are detailed; (4) the phylogeny and morphology of “Zelopaecilomyces” previously placed within Pseudodiploosporeaceae are traced back and re-assessed. Zelopaecilomyces was introduced through chimerism of gene fragments sourced from two distinct organisms. Consequently, it is recommended that “Zelopaecilomyces” should not be recognised due to the mixed up molecular data and a lack of support from morphological evidence. Furthermore, this study discusses the voucher specimen Paecilomyces penicillatus (CBS 448.69), which may contain two mixed taxa, i.e., Pseudodiploospora longispora and a Penicillium species. Some pathogenic fungi on cultivated morels may be soil-borne pathogens. In order to explore this view, we explore the characteristics of soil microbial communities (containing fungi and bacteria) on morel cultivation and evaluate whether these microbes are related to morel production. In total, 23 soil samples from four counties in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, China, were collected. Based on ITS and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, the alpha diversity analysis indicated that the biodiversity of morel cultivation soil showed a downward trend compared with the bare soil. The results showed that there were no significant differences in soil microbial communities between OC (bare soil) and OO (after one-year suspension of sowing). This means that, after about one year of stopping sowing, the component and structure of soil that once cultivated morel would be restored. In co-occurrence networks, some noteworthy bacterial microbes involved in nitrogen fixation and nitrification have been identified in soils with high morels’ yield, such as Arthrobacter, Bradyhizobium, Devosia, Pseudarthrobacter, Pseudolabrys, and Nitrospira. In contrast, in soils with low or no morels’ yield, some pathogenic fungi accounted for a high proportion, including Gibberella, Microidium, Penicillium, Sarocladium, Streptomyces, and Trichoderma. Publications on pathogenic fungi of cultivated mushrooms are fragmented, which leads to a lack of understanding of causal agents. A review of the fungal diseases of cultivated mushrooms reported over the last four decades is carried out. More than 130 pathogens affect the growth and development of the main cultivated mushrooms. The taxonomic diversity of these pathogens is high, distributed in 58 genera, 40 families, 20 orders, 12 classes and six phyla. For each genus, notes including species numbers, infected host and the list of species causing disease of cultivated mushrooms are provided. Meantime, a comprehensive outline of each species is summarized. The host infected are from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota, mainly being reported from Agaricus bisporus, Cordyceps spp., Morchella spp. and Pleurotus spp.

Mae Fah Luang University. Learning Resources and Educational Media Center

Address: CHIANG RAI

Email: library@mfu.ac.th

Name: Hyde Kevin David

Role: Advisor

Created: 2023

Modified: 2024-01-18

Issued: 2024-01-18

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: e-Theses

eng

DegreeName: Doctor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Biological Sciences

Grantor: Mae Fah Luang University

©copyrights Mae Fah Luang University

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