Abstract:
This research was aimed to propose guidelines for electrical energy management in air conditioning as a means of reducing peak demand (PD) in buildings by using an integrated system of Photovoltaic (PV) and Demand Side Management (DSM) during April-May. In this study, the potentials of PV system were assessed using information from the Smart Grid UP in Building B3 with a 60 kWp PV system installationand a 1,500,265 BTUH total electrical energy demand for air conditioning system in building. The results showed that a lack of synchronism between energy demand and energy generation causes an over energy of 66.18 kWh/day, which was about 21.11% of the electrical generation capacity. The PV-integrated DSM prototype was then developed in order to install in the building in 3 forms; 1) direct PV system, 2) PVBattery Energy Storage System (PV-BESS) and 3) Chilled Water Thermal Storage (CWTS) integrated PV system. The results showed that integrating the direct PV system, the PV-BESS system with a 45 kWh BESS, and the PV-CWTS system with a 175,400 BTUH CWTS to the building can reduce the PD to 75.36%, 54.39% and 55.70% respectively, compared to the building without any energy management where the PD was 120.54 kW. As for economic analysis, the results also showed that the PV-CWTS system requires lowest investment of 28,881.86 Baht/kW. On the other hand, the direct PV system and the PV-BESS system require considerably larger investment of 111,073.71 Baht/kW and 54,878.05 Baht/kW, respectively. This indicates that the direct PV system and the PV-BESS system might not be worth the investment, especially the PV-BESS system due to the cost of the BESS system with a lithium-ion battery that is currently very expensive.