Abstract:
The purposes of Prevention and Solution of Suicide by Buddhist Approaches
were 1) to study approaches in prevention and solution of suicide, 2) to analyze
prevention and solution of suicide by Buddhist approaches, and 3) to offer prevention
and solution of suicide by Buddhist approaches. This study is documentary and
qualitative research. The results of the research were as follows.
Suicide was a social phenomenon. It could be categorized into three groups;
Egoistic suicide, Altruistic suicide, and Anomic suicide. In psychology, suicide
happened with death instinct and guilts. The approaches in prevention and solution
of suicide were created upon the basis of living and worth in human resources. This
was classified into three processes; evaluating risk group, assisting risk group, and
recovering suicide attempt survivors or victims.
According to the approaches in prevention and solution of suicide, it was
found that killing other people or yourselves, was sinful or sorrow in Buddhism. This
led to dark mind and impurity. In Tripitaka, there were stories of monk suicide such as
Channa Thera, Godhika Thera, and Vakkali Thera. The reasons were to escape the
physical pain and suffering from the life cycle. However, suicide was an act against
Buddhist basic principle. In Buddhism, humans had abilities to learn and develop
themselves. In order to solve suicidal problems with Buddhist approaches, humans
were encouraged to improve themselves by following human life components. They
were behavior (morality), mind (concentration), and wisdom which was called the
Threefold Learning.
It was found that the Four Noble Truths, the Three Characteristics and the
recollection could set the frame and direction in prevention and solution of suicide.
The approaches were adapted from Effort 4 as the performance structures. They were
1) the effort to avoid by assistance from friends, 2) the effort to overcome by stopping,
reducing and quitting, 3) effort to develop by creating protection with right
understanding in life, and 4) the effort to maintain by retaining the protection to
become a permanent approach, which was called, awareness and consciousness.