Lentinus and Lepiotoid mushrooms (basidiomycota) from Laos and Thailand

Name: Phongeun Sysouphanthong

keyword: Agaricaceae

Classification :.DDC: e-Theses

; Diversity

Abstract: Mushrooms (Basidiomycota) are diverse in tropical Southeast Asia. In this study, I focused on two groups of Basidiomycota from Laos and Thailand, which are Lentinus (Polyporaceae) and lepiotoid mushrooms (Agaricaceae). The first group, Lentinus, consists of edible species, and many species are very important for consumption in this region. For lepiotoid mushrooms, this group consists of several complex genera, some genera are edible while some genera are strongly poisonous. Traditionally, several mushrooms of Laos and Thailand have been described based on morphological characteristics, and many species have been placed in wrong genera, and these included Lentinus and lepiotoid mushrooms. Therefore, taxonomy based on both morphological characteristics and molecular evidence are needed. I aimed to survey and identify and survey Lentinus and lepiotoid mushrooms from Laos and Thailand as well as to test the ability of cultivation and medicinal properties of wild Lentinus strains. In total, 378 lepiotoid mushroom specimens were collected in Thailand from 2018-2021, 59 herbarium samples were loaned from MFU (Thailand) and 57 herbarium samples were loaned from HNL (Laos). In total, 138 specimens belonging to 45 species of lepiotoid mushrooms were investigated and 356 specimens were deposited in the MFLU herbarium for future works. Forty-five species belonging to 16 genera of lepitoid mushrooms were found and described including Chlorophyllum (4 species), Clarkeinda (1 species), Coniolepiota (1 species), Cystolepiota (3 species), Echinoderma (1 species), Eriocybe (1 species), Heinemannomyces (1 species), Hymenagaricus (1 species) Lasiolepiota (1 species), Lepiota (15 species), Leucoagaricus (3 species), Leucocoprinus (1 species), Macrolepiota (4 species), Micropsalliota (2 species), Smithiomyces (1 species) Verrucospora (1 species) and Xanthagaricus (3 species). A new genus and 14 new species of lepiotoid mushrooms have been described based on morphology and molecular data. The new genus is Lasiolepiota, and Las. oinochroa is a new species and the holotype of the genus. Secondly, four new species of Lepiota were described from Thailand; which are L. chiangraiensis, L. condylospora, L. pleurocystidiata and L. subthailandica. Furthermore, three new species of Cystolepiota were also described, C. pyramidalis and C. rhodella were found in Laos and Thailand, and C. thailandica was only found in Thailand. Three new species of Leucoagaricus were described from Laos, viz., La. flavus, La. griseosquamosus and La. laosensis. In addition, two new species of Xanthagaricus were described from Thailand, viz., X. purpureosquamulosus and X. siamensis. The new species, Macrolepiota exelsa, was collected from Laos and Thailand. Thirteen new records of lepiotoid mushrooms from Thailand are Chlorophyllum demangei, Ch. globosum, Ch. hortense, Lepiota angusticystidiata, L. attenuate, L. magnispora, L. thrombophora, Leucocoprinus cretaceous, Macrolepiota detersa, M. dolichaula, Pseudolepiota zangmui, Verrucospora verrucispora, Xanthagaricus necopinatus. Twenty-four new records of lepiotoid mushrooms from Laos are Chlorophyllum demangei, Chl. globosum, Chl. hortense, Clarkeinda trachodes, Coniolepiota spongodes, Eriocybe chionea, Heinemannomyces splendidissimus, Hymenagaricus saisamornae, Lepiota angusticystidiata, L. aureofulvella, L. citrophylla, L. metulispora, L. omninoflava, L. pongduadensis, L. subvenenata, L. venenata, Leucocoprinus cretaceous, Macrolepiota detersa, Micropsalliota globocystis, Mi. gracilis, Smithiomyces lepiotoides, Verrucospora verrucispora, Xanthagaricus necopinatus and Xanthagaricus siamensis. For Lentinus, 34 specimens were collected in Thailand from 2018-2020, and two specimens were loaned from HNL (Laos). A total of 13 specimens belonging to 4 species were investigated, viz., L. arcularius, L. badius, L. polychrous, L. sajor-caju and L. squarrosulus. Wild strains of L. arcularius, L. sajor-caju and L. squarrosulus were tested for cultivation at the laboratory scale. For optimal teste of the optimum media, L. arcularius grew better on oat meal agar medium (OMA) than other media, at 25 °C, pH 4, and sorghum mixed with rice husk (SRH) cereal grains; L. sajor-caju grew well on potato sucrose agar medium (PSA), at 30 °C, at pH 6, and insignificant in types of cereal grains; and L. squarrosulus grew best on PSA medium, at 25-30 °C, and insignificant in pH level and types of cereal grains. For the fruiting test; L. arcularius strains colonized in the bags or substrate for 66 days after inoculation, and then after 52.20±1.10 to 67.60±0.55 days of incubation they formed primordia, the yield was 30.00±7.07 to 34.00±5.48 g/bag, and biological efficiency (BE) was around 44.91± 7.07 to 50.90±5.48% for the first flush; a strain of L. sajor-caju colonized around 39 days in the bags, used 60±7.09 days to form primordia, the yield was 20±20.00 g/bag, and BE was around 29.94±20.00%; and L. squarrosulus strains colonized around 28-67 days in the bags, colonized around 43±1.48 to 69±25.10 days for forming primordia, the yield was 21±8.94 to 40±10.00g/bag, and BE was around 31.44±8.94 to 59.88±10.00%. Moreover, extractions of L. sajor-caju and L. quarrosulus gave nutritional values. Fresh samples of L. squarrosulus (100 g) contained 12.56±0.28 to 16.79±1.69g of protein, 5.51±0.53 to 6.97±0.23g of fat, 10.12±0.24 to 27.52±0.52g of fiber and 3.02±0.16 to 4.31±0.13g of carbohydrates; and L. sajor-caju (100 g) contained 12.26±0.07g of protein, 6.14±0.70 g of fat, 34.03±0.30 g of fiber and 3.58±0.67 g/100 g of carbohydrate. The result of the biological activity screening showed that the ethanolic extracted from samples of L. sajor-caju and L. squarrosulus showed inhibition of the activity of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme with 79.76±0.37% and 50.74±0.61%, respectively, while standard acarbose 62.05±0.07% of inhibition.

Mae Fah Luang University. Learning Resources and Educational Media Center

Address: CHIANG RAI

Email: library@mfu.ac.th

Name: Naritsada Thongklang

Role: Advisor

Created: 2022

Modified: 2567-01-29

Issued: 2023-01-24

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: e-Theses

eng

Spatial: Southeast Asia 295779

DegreeName: Doctor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Biological Sciences

Grantor: Mae Fah Luang University

©copyrights Mae Fah Luang University

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