Abstract:
A simple, low-cost and one-step polymer screen-printing method for fabrication of microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices (µCADs) has been developed for the first time. The method involves only one-step fabrication process and requires only polystyrene and a patterned screen. Firstly, polystyrene solution is poured through the patterned screen and allowed to penetrate through the cotton cloths to create a three-dimensional hydrophobic barrier that defined the test zones. The study of different brands of cotton cloth and polystyrene concentrations was first carried out. The device structure was found to depend on mass density of the cloth and polystyrene concentration. By adjusting polystyrene concentration, various brands of cotton cloth can be successfully fabricated. The cloth treatments using hot water, Na2CO3 and NaOH solutions were found to affect the wicking ability of the cloths where the highest wicking rate was found in the Na2CO3 treated-cloth followed by NaOH, hot water treated-cloths and untreated-cloth. Under optimal condition, the smallest hydrophilic channel and hydrophobic barrier that the fabrication method can provide were 678±59 µm and 329±27 µm, respectively. High device-to-device repeatability was achieved with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) in the range of 1.1-2.0% (n=64) obtained from the measured diameter of the circular-shaped fabricated test zones with a designed diameter of 5 and 7 mm, respectively. Various device patterns can be created on the µCAD by adjusting the pattern on the screen. The fabricated µCAD is compatible with various organic solvents. To demonstrate the significance of the fabricated µCAD, the analysis of glucose and albumin in control human serum was carried out. The results showed no significant difference at 95% confident intervals of the glucose and albumin levels obtained from the µCAD analysis and the certified values verifying that the polymer-screen printing method can be alternatively used as a method for µCAD fabrication.