An explorative analysis on environmental conservation under gross national happiness

Name: Singay Wangmo

keyword: Community forestry

; Rural people

; Fuelwood

; Forest

; Gross national happiness (GNH)

Abstract: Recognizing the importance of environment, the government of Bhutan places highest emphasis on the conservation as one of its development paradigms under the realm of Gross National Happiness (GNH). Being a small developing country, people living in rural area which make up the most major part of Bhutan’s population are dependent on natural resources such as forest. Over the years this dependence has led to pressures on the use of resources sustainably and deforestation. Evidently, this could have an adverse impact on the government’s commitment to maintain high level of forest cover. Using Elinor Ostrom’s theory, this study evaluates the policy, institutional and management changes that implies the use of common resources such as fuelwood within the forestry community following an increase in the use of fuelwood. Prior to 1969 the management system was largely traditional and customary. Gradually it transitioned on sustainable development and participatory forest management. However, the policy that nationalized all types of forests acts as hindrance regarding sustainability of forest governance by communities in the long term. The paper concludes that GNH influences the environmental policy by making it more enabling but it’s influence seems to be more on conservation. And with regard to the coherence of the policy, it needs to be improvised in correspondence with Ostrom’s guideline. GNH was initiated in hopes a for greater good, but it still has progress to be made especially with regard to implementation. Policy recommendation and suggestion for further studies are briefly highlighted as well

Thammasat University. Thammasat University Library

Address: BANGKOK

Email: preserv@tu.ac.th

Name: Supruet Thavornyutikarn

Role: advisor

Created: 2017

Modified: 2022-03-07

Issued: 2022-03-07

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

eng

DegreeName: Master of Arts

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Asia-Pacific Studies

Grantor: Thammasat University

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