Abstract:
Binary toxin produced by Lysinibacillus sphaericus is a larvicidal toxin that consists of BinA (42 kDa) and BinB (51 kDa) proteins. BinA and BinB proteins are function together which are highly toxic to Culex and Anopheles mosquito larvae. BinA is proposed to function as a toxic subunit while BinB is responsible for a receptor binding and translocation domain. N-terminal domain is carbohydrate binding protein and C-terminal domain is similar to aerolysin which is pore-forming toxin. This study aims to clarify the cytotoxicity of Binary toxin on several types of cells such as human red blood cells, bacterial cells. Both BinA and BinB showed no hemolytic on human red blood cells and anti-bacterial activity with gram positive and negative bacteria. Moreover, this study investigated the role of tyrosine and phenylalanine which were replaced with alanine using site-directed mutagenesis. BinB mutants Y53A, Y72A และ Y111A showed reduced toxicity when compared with wild type protein. Also, the receptor binding assay was performed by immunohistochemistry assay. BinB mutants Y53A, Y72A และ Y111A reduced receptor binding signal on microvilli of midgult larvae. Thus, this is possible that tyrosine at the position of 53, 72 and 111 are important for receptor binding.