Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) fruit vinegar (star gooseberry vinegar; SGV), its extraction (star gooseberry extract; SGE) and its application in TOM-YUM fresh sausage for quality and
antioxidant properties. The total phenolic content value were approximately 319.70 mg GAE/100 ml sample and 934.19 mg GAE/100 g crude extract respectively. Subsequently, SGV was analyzed (IC₅₀: the half maximal inhibitory concentration) by DPPH, ABTS and reducing power method. Their inhibitions showed 3.65, 7.94 and 31.98% respectively. The SGE inhibitions exhibited 0.17, 0.33 and 0.18% respectively. Furthermore, SGV and SGE were tested for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion. Both agents could strongly inhibit growth of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria isolated form pork, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Aeromonas caviae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Citrobacter freundii. The inhibition of bacteria isolated form chicken occurred in Salmonella spp., S. epidermidis, Klebsiella pnenmonia and Proteus mirabilis. The inhibition of standard bacteria against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis DMST 17368, Pseudomonas fluorescence JCM 5963T, P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, E. coli O157: H7 and S. aureus TISTR 118 was observed. Moreover, the sensory test of 3%SGV and 1.5%SGE additions in TOM-YUM sausage were accepted. The overall acceptance exhibited 5.55 and 5.75 respectively. Finally, the TOM-YUM fresh sausage was stored at 4 °C for 0, 3, 6 and 9
days. Five sausage recipes were applied in this study as following 3%artificial lime juice: ALJ, 3% 3% lime juice: LJ, 3%LJ + 0.01%BHT, 3%SGV and 1.5%SGE. Analysis of antioxidant activity, physical, chemical and biological were determined. The results showed antioxidant activity especially DPPH ABTS and reducing power of 1.5%SGE was significantly highest (P<0.05), whereas the TBARS of 3%LJ + 0.01%BHT was significantly lowest (P<0.05). However, pathogenic bacteria including E. coli, Salmonella spp. and S. aureus in TOM-YUM sausage were undetectable.