Abstract:
Adding value of vetiver leaves in pharmaceutical aspect are the objective of this research. Five cultivars of vetiver; Mae tea, Huai Kha Khang, Mae Hong Son, Praratchatan and Sri Lanka were chosen and then extracted by maceration method with varies of solvent type including 95% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 50% ethanol and distilled water. The extraction was concentrated by rotary evaporator and freeze dryer. The results showed that 50% ethanol solvent gave the highest percentage yield followed by 70% ethanol, 95% ethanol and distilled water, respectively. Then, all these extractions were tested for antibacterial activity. S. aureus, S. pyogenes and P. acnes, causing acne-vulgaris, were used as bacteria. The result found that extractions which had the highest antibacterial activity were Huai Kha Khang and Mae Hong Son which extracted by 50% ethanol. While all extractions which extracted by distilled water had no antibacterial activity. Huai Kha Khang and Mae Hong Son which extracted by 50% ethanol were tested by Bioautography method to find an active ingredient. The result found that both extractions have the same active ingredient. There were 3 active ingredients, 1) on Rf 0.6-0.7 inhibited S. aureus and S. pyogenes, 2) on Rf 0.4-0.5 inhibited S. aureus, S. pyogenes and P. acnes and 3) on Rf 0.2-0.3 inhibited only S. aureus. Then, these active ingredients were isolate by PTLC technique and continuously identified by NMR technique. Anti-acne gel was developed using Huai Kha Khang extraction which extracted by 50% ethanol. There are 6 formulas in this experiment which used varies amount of the thickeners and the extractions. All formulas had significant in viscosity, pH, and separation in between incubation time, 4 weeks (p<0.05), but have no significant in antibacterial activity. When considered all of formulas, B2 is the best one which should be developed for anti-acne gel in the future.