Abstract:
Vinaya is one of the baskets of the Tripitaka in which religious practices and precepts for monks follow the Buddhist doctrine. Specifically, the religious precept are concerned with the establishment of Buddhist architecture. It indicated his attention and aim which permit various types of architecture since Buddhist era more than 2,500 year. Most of them have been decayed, and the remainder were only some ruins. However, they have been note to evidence Vinaya Pitaka throughout the bas-relief of Buddhist architecture which thrived in Maurya period. They have shown the lifetime of Lord Buddha, the physical and social environment in Buddhist era. Beside, there are also recards in various indian literature. All essential data would reflect the idea and characteristic of architecture in the Buddhist era as appeared in Vinaya Pitaka, this will be the objective of this thesis which studies the evidence from the Buddhist era to Maurya period (544-185 B.C.) The study was a document research which collects information about religious precepts in Vinaya Pitaka, history and archeology testimonies which were studied in accompany with environmental and social data of Buddha period. According to study, it has found that the idea of Buddhist architecture erection occurred from the faith of Buddhism. Lord Buddha allowed various types of architecture to relate to social and site context. He settled them in local style not in special design. It consisted of Vihara, Pasada, Hammiya, Addhayoga and Guha including composition such as window, base, stairs, gateway, balcony, hedge, color and material were settled in the same structure. At the same time, his idea was also related to functionalism in which supports monks in religious observance. The Buddhist architecture originally consisted of senasana and other buildings which are necessary for canonical dwelling. Later. They have been evolved to Buddhist shrine whose characteristics of architecture differed in size and forms of architecture. Besides, there is more decoration in architecture details such as pedestals and pillars, windows etc. The study has shown that Lord Buddha regulated the styles of Buddhist architecture connection with social environment to avoid being a burden for Buddhists. The original purpose of Buddhist architecture was to provide shelter from inclemency of weather and noxious things so that monks could concentrate on the teaching of Lord Buddha.