Abstract:
The objective of the study is to investigate genders and sexualities in Uthis
Haemamools selected works through Michael Ryans framework of gender criticism
and related perspectives. The data includes 5 novels: Rabam Methun, Krachok-ngao
Ngao-krachok, Lab Lae Kaeng Khoi, Lak Alai, and Juti; and 4 collected short stories:
Parimat Rumphueng, Mai Yon Khuen, Saman Saman, and Kyoto Son Klin.
In the light of genders and sexualities under the social norms, it is found
that Uthis Haemamools works present the patriarchal family structure; father figure
is powerfully located at the center of the family. Through violence, the father figure
exercises his authority succeeded by the son. On the other hand, the wife and the
mother are victimized by the violence and their own inferiority complex caused by
the intersectionality between gender, class, and ethnicity.
FromHaemamools works, the research also unearths the defective
masculinity and male characters defeated by violence, sexual desire, and economic
power. Womens resistance to patriarchal authority is found in: 1) language politics,
2) expression of the repressed feelings, 3) economic independence, 4) supernatural
power, and 5) the manipulation of sexual desire. However, the female characters
cannot be completely liberated from the patriarchy.
In terms of gender and sexualities deviating from the social norms, the
research found that the patriarchal family structure affects the expression of nonheterosexual identities. Some characters play with their gender roles while they are
both aware and unaware of the perpetuation of heteronormativity through violence.
The characters in Haemamools works do not tend to identify themselves with
certain rigid identities. However, in the public sphere, the sexual diversity can be
socially accepted among the circle of friends, colleagues, and lovers.