Low carbon emissions in the transport sectors in Thailand and Lao P.D.R

Name: Sengsuly Phoualavanh

keyword: Energy consumption

; CO2 emission

; Low carbon society (LCS)

; LEAP model

; Transport sector

; Laos

; Thailand

Abstract: Transportation is the backbone driving the economy of a nation. It provides access to services for the masses and plays a vital role in determining the trend and pace of economic growth in a nation. Transport sectors in many countries have significant impact on energy consumption and energy-related CO2 emissions, affecting the energy security condition in those countries. Energy reduction and CO2 mitigation is a vital subject that many countries and international organizations have been focusing on due to the scarcity of fossil fuel supply to fulfil growing energy demand and dramatic increasing oil prices as well as environmental concerns. Thailand and Laos are developing countries located in Southeast Asia. In both countries, transport is the main consuming sector. In Thailand, transport is a major contributor for increasing energy demand and CO2 emissions. In 2010, this sector had a share of 35% of total energy consumption (TEC) and 26% of total CO¬2 emission with road transport accounting for 77% of TEC. Similarly, transport in Laos is also the main contributor with a share of 22% of TEC. As a land locked country, Laos depends heavily on road transport. In 2010, road transport accounted for 95% of total passenger travel and 88% of freight movement. This study’s purpose is to investigate the potential mitigation of LCS in road transport. Three scenarios were examined in the study, including LCS-L, LCS-M and LCS-H scenario, in order to analyse the transport energy consumption, and discuss energy saving and CO2 mitigation potential of implementation of countermeasures in both countries. The LCS-L, LCS-M, and LCS-H have lower, medium, and high levels of CO2 mitigation. The LSC actions include three mitigation actions, namely transport modal shifts, advanced technology, and bio-energy. This study considers 2010 as the base year for the projection of sector-wise transport demands up to 2050. Results show that in the LCS-H scenario, advanced technology and transport modal shifts have high potential for reduction in energy consumption while fuel switching has high potential for reduction in CO2 emissions in road transport of both countries. The LCSs scenarios also can reduce the energy demand along with energy-related CO2 emissions. Results show reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions for Thailand. Total energy consumption will increase from 19,551 ktoe in 2010 to 37,023 ktoe in 2050, with a growth rate of 89%. In the LCSs scenarios, the energy consumption in the counter measures will be reduced by 677 ktoe, 1,752 ktoe and 3,747 ktoe for LCS-L, LCS-M, and LCS-H scenarios, respectively, and result in CO2 mitigation of 3,921 kt-CO2, 7,660 kt-CO2, and 16,150 kt-CO2, respectively. For Laos, the total energy consumption will increase from 548 ktoe in 2010 to 2,339 ktoe in 2050. In the LCS-L scenario, the energy consumption will be reduced by 77 ktoe, 192 ktoe and 334 ktoe for LCS-L, LCS-M, and LCS-H scenarios respectively, and result in CO2 mitigation of 291 kt-CO2, 740 kt-CO2, and 1,367 kt-CO2, respectively.

Thammasat University. Thammasat University Library

Address: BANGKOK

Email: preserv@tu.ac.th

Name: Bundit Limmeechokchai

Role: advisor

Created: 2017

Modified: 2021-05-28

Issued: 2021-05-28

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

DOI: 10.14457/TU.the.2017.212

eng

DegreeName: Master of Science

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Engineering and Technology

Grantor: Thammasat University

©copyrights Thammasat University

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