A development of an instructional model by integrating outdoor learning and values clarification to enhance knowledge and action for environment of primary school students in Bangkok
Abstract:
The purposes of this research were: 1) To develop an instructional model by integrating outdoor learning and values clarification to enhance knowledge and awareness of environmental issues in primary school students. 2) To study the effects of such instructional model. The research procedures comprised of five steps: first, studying the environmental problems in primary school areas in Bangkok and studying outdoor learning and values clarification concepts; second, developing the instructional model; third, developing the integrated unit; fourth, developing appropriate research instruments, and fifth, testing the developed model by implementing it in a population sample of 70 students from Prathom suksa five in the Prathomnonsri School, Bangkok. The population samples were randomly assigned to two groups: one class as the experimental group and the other class as the controlled group. The research instruments were knowledge tested, and forms of behavior observation on action for environment. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. The developed instructional model consisted of six principles namely: 1) Students learning could take place both outdoor and indoor 2) The models learning organization emphasized on variety of different experiences 3) Students got experiences in field study 4) Values leading to effective action were continuously developed 5) The learning organization emphasized enhancing values and clarification leading to effective action 6) Learning take place in Integrated units. The instructional model aims to enhance knowledge, awareness, and effective action regarding the environment of primary school students. The steps of instruction process were: 1) Preparing skills repertoires for fieldwork activities 2) Implementing fieldwork activities 3) Identification of problems 4) Conclusion and problem solving. 5) Effective implementation of conclusion into action for the environment. Main techniques utilized were: Asking for value; recording; role playing, project design, discussion and development of consensus (voting), and clarification and discussion. 2. The effectiveness of the developed instructional model were: 2.1) The experimental group had a higher posttest scores of pertinent knowledge when compared to their pretest scores and it also had higher scores than the controlled group. 2.2) The experimental group had higher posttest scores on action for environment categories than pretest scores and, likewise, had higher scores than the controlled group.