Abstract:
This descriptive study aimed at studying the relationship between age, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aortic cross-clamp time, blood glucose level during surgery and preoperative depression with Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of coronary artery disease patients in the first 24 hours after open heart surgery. Neuman systems model was employed as a conceptual framework for the study. The sample was eighty-seven (87) patients aged 18 years and above who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft with CPB in the cardiovascular surgical unit of a tertiary hospital. Data collection instruments comprised of a general data recording form, an illness and related data on treatment recording form and CES-D scale and SIRS scores. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze general data and data related to illness and treatment Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient were utilized to analyze the relationship between studied variables. The results revealed that the majority were male (59.5%) with an average age of 67.54 (SD ± 10.92) years. The average LVEF was 54.59% (SD ± 16.98). Ninety point eight percent (90.8%) of patients experienced post operative SIRS within the first 24 hours after open heart surgery (SIRS criteria ≥2). During the first 24 hours 44.8%, 36.8 %, 9.2% of patients met two, three, or four SIRS criteria, respectively. The average time on CPB was 104.35 (SD ± 41.64) minutes ; aortic cross-clamp time was 66.53 (SD ± 30.23) minutes ; blood glucose level during surgery was 156.14 (SD ± 46.20) mg% and 21.5% of patients had depression prior to surgery. Factors related to SIRS within the first 24 hours after surgery were LVEF (r = -.25 ;p < .05), CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time and blood glucose level during surgery (r = . 29 ; p < .01 , r = .30 ; p < .01, r = .23 ; p < .05), respectively. However, age and preoperative depression did not correlate with SIRS The recommendations from this study were that all patients undergoing pump CABG should be monitored for occurrence of SIRS within 24 hours. In particular, those who have prolonged CPB time, aortic cross-clamp time and highest blood glucose level during surgery should be closely monitored continuously after receiving the operation. A guideline for assessment and closely continuous monitoring of patients at risk of developing severe SIRS after surgery should be developed. Further studies should be conducted to explore the effect of preoperative depression on post operative SIRS.