HTN15% > HMTl8% ~
native> HMT20% > HMT22%.
Investigation on the effect of treatment time on pasting properties of the HMT
starches indicated that pasting temperature increased whereas peak viscosity decreased
when the treatment time increased. The pasting properties of HMT canna starches were
clearly affected by the combination of moisture content (15-30%) and treatment time (116
h). The effect of treatment time was more pronounced with more moisture content in
the starch sample during HMT.
Finally, 10% solutions of ethylene glycol (2C, 20H), glycerol (3C, 30H) and
sorbitol (6C, 60H) instead of water were used as a plasticizing medium for HMT.
Starch sample plasticized with sorbitol displayed a profile that was very close to that of
the sample plasticized with water. The viscosity of starch sample plasticized with
glycerol was considerably lower than those with water and sorbitol, but higher than that
with ethylene glycol. These results suggested that the type of plasticizers influenced the
pasting properties of HMT starch. The pasting temperatures increased in the order of
samples plasticized with; water (85.1 "C) < sorbitol (85.9 "C) < glycerol (91.5 "C) <
ethylene glycol (92.7 "C).
"/>
ญาณิกา วัชรเทวินทร์กุล. Effects of heat-moisture treatment on structure and physicochemical properties of canna starch. Doctoral Degree(Biochemical Technology). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Library. : King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 2010.
Effects of heat-moisture treatment on structure and physicochemical properties of canna starch
Abstract:
The purpose of this dissertation was to study the effects of heat-moisture
treatment (HMT) on structure and physicochemical properties of edible canna (Canna
edulis Ker) starch. The factors including different moisture contents in starch sample,
treatment time and types of plasticizing medium were focused in this study. Firstly,
HMT of canna starch was done with the various moisture contents (15, 18, 20, 22 and
25%) while the treatment temperature was fixed at lOO?C and treatment time for 16 h.
The properties of the modified starch including granule morphology, physicochemical
property, thermal property, microstructure, acid/shear stability and enzyme digestibility
were analyzed and compared to the native starch. HMT did not alter the shape or size of
starch granules observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). HMT starches
showed an increase of pasting temperature, lower paste viscosity, more stable paste
(with no breakdown) and noticeable decrease in setback value compared to untreated
native starch. These changes were more obvious when the starch samples contained
more moisture. Starch gel morphology investigated by h/KI staining revealed that the
granules of untreated native canna starch were completely ruptured, whereas those of
HMT22% and HMT25% samples remained in granular form. These gel morphologies
were correlated and provided the information to explain the pasting behaviors of treated
and untreated canna starches.
Amylose leaching of treated samples tended to be lower when the moisture
content of the samples increased. Shifts of gelatinization endotherms towards higher
temperatures (1-8 "C) with broadened peaks following the moisture contents in starch
samples were found after HMT. Water absorption capacity increased after HMT and
was highest in HMT25% (93.5 g/IOOg). HMT did not alter crystalline type of canna
starch (B-type), but with increase of the moisture, slight reduction of a peak at 5.70 and
a fusion of doublet at 22 0 and 24 0 were observed. The FTlR spectra of native and
HMT25% starches showed nearly identical absorption band characteristics. These
results provided evidence of not any new bond formed in the structure of starch
granules after HMT. Study of starch granules by confocal laser scanning microscopy
revealed that the protein fraction of starch was associated with the granular growth
rings. This protein moved to the granule surface during HMT and was most obviously
seen in granules of HMT25%.
The stability of HMT canna starches against acid, high shearing forces and
enzyme digestion was investigated. Micrographs of starch gels taken from a rapid visco
analyzer showed that granules of untreated native starch subjected to pH values of 7.2
and 4.6 were highly swelled, whereas granules exposed to higher acidic pH (3.0) values
fragmented into small pieces. Yet, less swelling was found for the HTN] 5%, HMTl8%
and HMT20% samples. Even at pH 3.0, HMT22% and HMT25% granules were still in
an intact granular form. Similar findings were observed when native and HMT canna
starches were agitated at various rates (160, 240, 320 and 480 rpm). Starch samples
treated under higher moisture levels exhibited a higher tolerance to shearing forces
acting on them. Comparative investigation ofHMT and chemically crosslinked starches
showed that pasting properties of HMT22% and HMT25% were equivalent to those of
canna starches crosslinked by sodium trimetaphosphate at 0.2% and 0.5% (dwb),
respectively. In regards to the enzyme digestibility of treated canna starches, there was
no recognizable trend. The extent of starch hydrolysis as a function of moisture level
during HMT conformed to the following order: HMT25% > HTN15% > HMTl8% ~
native> HMT20% > HMT22%.
Investigation on the effect of treatment time on pasting properties of the HMT
starches indicated that pasting temperature increased whereas peak viscosity decreased
when the treatment time increased. The pasting properties of HMT canna starches were
clearly affected by the combination of moisture content (15-30%) and treatment time (116
h). The effect of treatment time was more pronounced with more moisture content in
the starch sample during HMT.
Finally, 10% solutions of ethylene glycol (2C, 20H), glycerol (3C, 30H) and
sorbitol (6C, 60H) instead of water were used as a plasticizing medium for HMT.
Starch sample plasticized with sorbitol displayed a profile that was very close to that of
the sample plasticized with water. The viscosity of starch sample plasticized with
glycerol was considerably lower than those with water and sorbitol, but higher than that
with ethylene glycol. These results suggested that the type of plasticizers influenced the
pasting properties of HMT starch. The pasting temperatures increased in the order of
samples plasticized with; water (85.1 "C) < sorbitol (85.9 "C) < glycerol (91.5 "C) <
ethylene glycol (92.7 "C).