พัตราพร จอมเมืองบุตร. Study on Substrate-Binding Site of Family 10 and 11 Xylanases from Bacillus firm us K -1 by Molecular Modeling and Production of Xylooligosaccharides by the Family 11 Xylanase . Doctoral Degree(Biochemical Technology). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Library.. : King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 2553-09-23.
Study on Substrate-Binding Site of Family 10 and 11 Xylanases from Bacillus firm us K -1 by Molecular Modeling and Production of Xylooligosaccharides by the Family 11 Xylanase
Abstract:
The objective of this study is to generate the three-dimensional structure (3D structure)
of family 10 and 11 xylanases (Xyn lOA and Xyn 11 A) from Bacillus firmus K-1 by
homology modeling and to investigate the substrate-binding site and secondary xylanbinding
site of XyniiA by molecular docking whereas the substrate-binding site of Xynl0A was
conducted by molecular dynamics simulations. The production of xylooligosaccharides by
the Xyn11A was also investigated.
The 3D structure of XynllA a family 11 xylanase from Bacillusfirmus K-l, was
obtained through homology modeling using the X-ray structure of Bacillus circulans
(lBVV) xylanase as a template. The result showed that the 3D structure ofXynllA had
a shape as a "closed right hand". It contains 14 p-sheets and 1 a-helix. The catalytic
sites of Xyn11A are Glu78 and Glu171. which are located opposite to each other in an
open cleft and reach into this cleft. Glu78, which is nuc1eophile, holds in place by
interaction to Gln126, Tyr69 and Tyr80, while Glu171, which is acid/base catalyst
forms hydrogen bond with only Asn35. The same Root mean square deviation (RMSD)
which was obtained from superposition backbone structure and each atom between
XyniiA and IBVV were 0.329 A. These results show that 3D structure from homology
modeling is correctable and believable. This method is an alternative for determination
of the 3D structure of enzyme within a short time.
To study the substrate-binding site of Xyn11A, six xylooligosaccharides, xylobiose to
xyloheptaose (X2-X7), were docked into the active site of XynllA by molecular
docking. Based on the docked energy and estimated free energy of binding combined
with modeled enzyme-substrate complexes, the substrate-binding site of XynllA
probably contained six subsites, defined as -3, -2. 1, +1, +2 and +3. Focused on
possible stacking interaction presented seven aromatic residues, that played an
important role in six subsites of XynllA such as Tyr165 (-3), Trp9 and Tyr69 (-2).
Tyr80 (-1), Tyr65 (+1), Tyr88 (+2) and Tyr173 (+3). The bond-cleavage positions
showed that X2 and X3 did not bind at the cleft (subsites -1 and + 1) of Xyn11A. Related
to the experiment, the end products of larchwood xylan hydrolysis by purified XynllA
were X2 and X3. X2 and X3 acted as the end product inhibitors of Xyn11A.
Xyn11A could bind and hydrolyze insoluble xylans and agricultural wastes effectively.
The rigid docking of xylooligosaccharides (X2-X6) into the overall Xyn11A structure
showed that xylooligosaccharides bound not only at binding site of active site but also
at the possible secondary xylan-binding site (XBS) of Xyn11A. According to the
%frequency and the lowest docked energy, the XBS preferred to bind with long-chain
substrate. The structural feature of XBS was a shallow groove presenting particularly
solvent-exposed residues located at the knuckles of the close-right hand structure.
Comparing to eleven residues in XBS of B. circulans family 11 xylanase (BcX) that
bound to X4, seven of nine residues in XBS of XynllA showed sequence identity of
63.64% with that of the BcX. Moreover, when XynIlA bound to X6, four residues,
Asn 180, Trp58, Thr29 and Arg 178, were observed at subsites 5 and 6 of XBS. This
finding supported to clearly explain that the XBS within the single-catalytic domain of
the Xyn11A, lacking of carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) played an important role
for facilitating the Xyn11A in efficiently binding and hydrolyzing insoluble xylan as
same as CBMs of the modular enzymes.
According to study of kinetic parameters of purified Xyn11A on soluble xylans, the
Vmax/Km determined with larchwood xylan (LWX) was approximately lO-fold and 20.8-
fold higher than birchwood (BWX) and oat spelt (OSX) xylans, respectively. This result
indicated that Xyn11A prefers to hydrolyze long chain with low substituted structure of
LWX. Purified Xyn11A had hydrolytic ability toward a variety of xylans, including
xylan-containing agricultural wastes. Series of xylooligosaccharides (XOs) produced
from hydrolysis of insoluble LWX. BWX and corn husk by puritied Xyn11A were X2-
X6, whereas those of corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, rice straw and rice husk were mainly
X2-X4. These results suggested that the Xyn11A was the effective endoxylanase for
XOs production from low-cost agricultural wastes, and obtained XOs were valued and
benetlcial to related-food industries.
The 3D structure of Xyn10A, a family 10 xylanase from B. firmus K-1. was obtained
through homology modeling using X-ray structure of xylanase from Bacillus sp. strain
NG-27 as a template. The RMSD of backbone atoms between the X-ray and homology
modeled structures was 0.8 A. Binding of xylopentaose (X5) to the Xyn10A was
investigated using molecular dynamics simulations via comparison of the total energy,
RMSD of C-alpha atom and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of free and complex
forms of Xyn10A. In the reactive Xyn10A-X5 conformation in which the two catalytic
sites, Glu149 and Glu255 are precisely positioned for the catalytic reaction. the -1 sugar
moiety of the X5 adopted a 1C4 chair conformation for the Xyn10A. According to the
RMSF of Xyn10A, 13 amino acid residues in active site of complex form showed more
flexibility than those of free form. The results suggested that they may implicate in
binding to X5 at sub sites -3 to +2 of substrate-binding site through hydrogen bonding
and stacking interactions. Furthermore, the RMSF of X5 revealed that the substrate
binding site of Xyn10A was more specific to three middle xylose moieties than two
terminal xylose moieties.