The development of guidelines to promote proactive behavior among sa-kaeo teachers in public primary education, service area 1, using mixed-method research
Abstract:
The purposes of this research were to use confirmatory factor analysis to analyse proactive teaching behaviors, and to synthesize the guiding principles for promoting proactive behaviors of government teachers in Sa-Kaeo Primary Educational Service Area 1 by using a mixed method research paradigm. For quantitative research, participants were derived by proportionate stratified random sampling, consisting of 400 government teachers. A five-level rating scale was employed as the research instrument; second-order confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. For the qualitative research, participants were derived by purposive sampling, comprising 12 experts in educational administration. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview form. Data were analyzed by content analysis.
The results were as follows:
1) Confirmatory factor analysis results of proactive behaviors were found to be consistent with the empirical data, with behavior consisting of four components. Component loadings were, from highest to lowest: Personal Initiative, Role Breadth Self-Efficacy, Taking Charge, and Preemptive Personality.
2) The guidelines for promoting proactive behavior should be undertaken in three phases, that is, 1) adjusting attitudes of the government teachers to focus on positive thinking; 2) allowing government teachers to express their opinions and to improve their way of working; and 3) motivating teachers to develop proactive behavior. In conclusion, it is suggested that the development of guidelines to promote proactive behavior among Sa-Kaeo government teachers in Primary Educational Service Area 1 should primarily focus on encouraging teachers to employ positive thinking.