Abstract:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important problem of public health in Thailand. Patients with CKD have been reported to be at risk of adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interaction since CKD may be associated with alteration of drug transporters and drug metabolism in the intestines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CKD on drug transporters and drug metabolism in the intestine. Two groups of mice were studied: CKD and control. CKD 2 weeks group and CKD 4 weeks group was induced by a chronic ischemic reperfusion (I/R) in a mouse model. Serum samples were collected to measure serum creatinine and serum urea. mdr1a, mrp2, oatp3, cyp3a11 mRNA levels were measured using the quantitative real time RT-RCR and CYP3A activity using HPLC. Serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in the 2 and 4 weeks CKD groups compared with control groups (0.78±0.02 compared to 0.31±0.08 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.01; 0.47±0.03 compared to 0.29±0.03 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.01). Serum urea levels were significantly higher in the 2 and 4 weeks CKD groups compared with control groups (31.92±1.05 compared to 16.70±1.02 mg/dL, respectively, p<0.01; 45.57±3.12 compared to 25.77±1.025mg/dL, respectively, p<0.01). When compared the effect of 2 and 4 weeks CKD on intestinal transporters to control group, mdr1a mRNA levels was reduced by 48.80 % and 73%, respectively (p<0.05) in mice with CKD. However, mrp2 and oatp3 mRNA level remained unchanged. Additionally, cyp3a11 gene expression of 4 weeks CKD groups were reduced by 66.68 % compared with controls (p<0.05). Using testosterone as a CYP3A substrate, intestinal CYP3A activity of 2 and 4 weeks CKD groups were remained unchanged compared with controls. Using midazolam as a CYP3A substrate, intestinal CYP3A activity of and 4 weeks CKD groups were reduced by 19.40% compared with controls (p<0.05). In conclusion, CKD was able to down-regulated mdr1a and cyp3a11 mRNA and decreased CYP3A activity in CKD-mouse intestinal model. This reduction could explain the increased bioavailability of drugs in CKD.