Nosema disease in honeybees and bumblebees in Northern Thailand

โรคโนซีมาในผึ้งน้ำหวานและผึ้งหึ่งในภาคเหนือของประเทศไทย

Name: Chainarong Sinpoo

LCSH: Bees -- Diseases -- Thailand, Northern

Classification :.DDC: 638.15

LCSH: Bees -- Diseases

Abstract: The microsporidian parasite Nosema apis and N. ceranae are spore-forming, obligate intracellular parasites infecting midgut epithelial cells of adult honey bees, originally Apis mellifera and A. cerana respectively. In the last decade, it has become apparent that each microsporidium cross-infects the other host; both now have a worldwide distribution. In this study, cross-infection experiments using both N. apis and N. ceranae in both A. mellifera and A. cerana were carried out to compare pathogen proliferation and host immune response. The expression levels of twelve selected gene transcripts encoding antimicrobial peptides associated with bee humoral immunity (defensin, abaecin, apidaecin, hymenoptaecin), cellular immunity (phenoloxidase (PO), glucose dehydrogenase (GLD), eater gene (AmEater)), lysozyme and apoptosis-related genes, as well as the gene encoding the female-specific protein vitellogenin (Vg) were compared to control groups when bees were individually inoculated with 105 spores of Nosema sp. Infection by N. ceranae led to higher spore loads than by N. apis in both host species, and there was greater proliferation of both microsporidia in A. mellifera compared to A. cerana. Infections of both host species with N. apis and N. ceranae caused significant up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes and cellular mediated immune genes. However, Microsporidia did not greatly alter apoptosis-related gene expression. In this study, A. cerana upregulated a higher immune response and displayed lower loads of N. apis and N. ceranae spores than A. mellifera, suggesting that it is better able to control microsporidia infection. Bumblebees (tribe Bombini, genus Bombus Latreille) play a vitally important role as native pollinators of temperate and agricultural ecosystems in mountainous regions. Evaluation of species richness and parasite/pathogen diversity are both key to understanding population dynamics in this important genus. In this study, we evaluated the diversity of parasites and pathogens of native bumblebees (Bombus spp.) from Northern Thailand and assessed the value of species identification via colour pattern using DNA barcoding. The results presented here raise questions on the reliability of species determinations in previous studies and highlights the benefits of implementing DNA barcoding. Species identification from morphology may be impossible for some individuals and is frequently misleading according to recent molecular studies. Our work evaluated colour patterns of pubescence (hairs), from bumblebees in 11 localities in 4 provinces (Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Chiang Rai and Nan) and compared them with easily-obtained DNA (COI barcode). Results of the phylogenetic analysis if species in Northern Thailand confirm the phylogenies of the native bumble bee species: Bombus (Megabombus) trifasciatus Smith, B. (Alpigenobombus) breviceps Smith, B. (Orientalibombus) haemorrhoidalis Smith and B. (Melanobombus) eximius Smith. At present, bumble bee populations are in decline worldwide. They host a great variety of parasites and pathogens. Globally, Crithidia bombi (Trypanosomatidae) and N. bombi (Nosematidae) are among the most prevalent. We collected and screened these pathogens from 280 total native foraging worker bumblebees. Our study detected the presence of N. ceranae and N. bombi in four bumblebee species. Of these, 16 individuals (5.71%) belonged to N. ceranae found in three Bombus spp., and 38 individuals (13.57%) infected by N. bombi were found in three species. However, N. apis and C. bombi were not detected in worker bees sampled via this method.

Chiang Mai University Library

Address: Chiang Mai

Email: cmulibref@cmu.ac.th

Name: Guntima Suwannapong

Role: Chairman

Name: Panuwan Chantawannakul

Role: Member

Name: Yingmanee Tragoolpua

Role: Member

Name: Terd Disayathanoowat

Role: Member

Name: Kitiphong Khongphinitbunjong

Role: Member

Created: 2017

Modified: 2020-01-10

Issued: 2020-01-10

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

Th/N 638.15 C434N

eng

DegreeName: Doctor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Applied Microbiology

Grantor: Chiang Mai University

©copyrights Chiang Mai University

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