Thanawat Sriphaijit.. Studies on two novel shrimp response proteins to yellow head virus and development of a protein interaction network for shrimp taura syndrome virus. Doctoral Degree(Biotechnology). Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center. : Mahidol University, 2014.
Studies on two novel shrimp response proteins to yellow head virus and development of a protein interaction network for shrimp taura syndrome virus
Abstract:
Shrimp farming is an important business in many Asian countries including Thailand. Despite their economic importance, relatively little is known about the shrimp themselves and about their interaction with pathogens (especially viral pathogens). This is due in part to the lack of continuous shrimp cell lines for conducting molecular and cellular studies. This research focused on interactions between shrimp and viral proteins and among shrimp virus proteins themselves. Using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2-H) screen between yellow head virus (YHV) proteins and hemocyte proteins of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, two interacting shrimp proteins were discovered. One was the C-terminal region of SPH516 (SPH516-C) that interacted with a putative metal ion binding domain (MIB) encoded by ORF1b of the YHV genome. Subsequently, the full-length of SPH516 (PmSPH516) cDNA was obtained using 5 rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5 RACE) and it also bound specifically to the MIB domain only. PmSPH516 domain features included a putative signal peptide, glycine-rich repeat motifs, a clip domain, an HDG triad and a trypsin-like serine protease domain. PmSPH516 transcripts were highly expressed in hemocytes and gills and were found to be down-regulated after YHV infection. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody raised against heterologously expressed SPH516-C protein revealed that it was present almost exclusively in shrimp hemolymph. The second YHV-interacting protein found was a leucine-rich repeat (PmLRR) sequence that also bound to the MIB domain. However, identification of this first fulllength PmLRR from shrimp revealed that the initial partial sequence was not in-frame with the AD domain of pGADT7 plasmid used in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Thus, interaction was not observed between the full-length PmLRR and YHV MIB domain. The deduced protein of PmLRR contained a high proportion of leucine residues (17%) and had sixteen tandem LRR motifs of 23-24 amino acids in length in the primary sequence. The computed 3D structure revealed a horseshoe shape consisting of alternately repeated strand and helical domains. PmLRR expression was tissue-specific (i.e., highest in hemocytes, the intestine and lymphoid organ) suggesting that it may play some role in shrimp defense against pathogens. A preliminary test suggested that PmLRR was down-regulated after viral challenges. A second Y2-H screen using the BIR domain of Taura syndrome virus (TSV) as bait yielded the first reported PmAmidase from shrimp, but this was only partially characterized. With respect viral-viral protein interactions, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for TSV was established using 81 pairwise protein interaction tests that yielded 19 positive interactions. The TSV PPI map was visualized by cytoscape software and revealed a total number of 6 proteins (nodes) involved in 14 interactions (edges). Interestingly, the BIR and VP1 proteins had the highest number of interactions (5 edges) in the map, possibly suggesting important roles in the TSV life cycle. By in vitro pull-down assays, it was shown that the structural proteins alone (VP1, VP2 and VP3) could not form a complex without Hel protein involvement.