Yaninee Cherdrungsi.. Development of phosphorus counting booklet for hemodialysis patients. Master's Degree(Food and Nutrition for Development). Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center. : Mahidol University, 2013.
Development of phosphorus counting booklet for hemodialysis patients
Abstract:
Hyperphosphatemia is one of the most common problems in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) resulting from the derangement of mineral metabolisms which contributes to the retention of minerals in the body. Elevated serum phosphorus level is associated with a greater risk of morbidity and mortality. Dietary phosphorus restriction is one of the hyperphosphatemia management approaches; however, adherence to the dietary restrictions among renal patients is often challenging. Therefore, the development of an educational tool providing information focusing on self management approaches and knowledge of dietary phosphorus may facilitate them having more dietary flexibility, a variety of food choices, better control of phosphorus, and a healthier and better quality of life. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the application of and satisfaction with an educational tool for hemodialysis patients to control their dietary phosphorus consumption by using a phosphorus counting technique. The booklet developed for phosphorus content guidelines in foods was composed of 2 parts. Part 1 focused on general phosphorus information and the phosphorus counting technique principle. Part 2 consisted of the colorful food commonly consumed and high phosphorus containing food items photographs in 12 food categories. Phosphorus content per exchange and per common serving portion of foods was shown based on the phosphorus counting technique by using dots with one of 2 colors on the edge (black or red). Each dot accounts for 40 mg of phosphorus content in the food. The dot with a red edge indicates that the food consists of inorganic phosphorus containing food additives or Hidden phosphorus which is highly absorbed by the body. Dietary phosphorus consumption can be restrained by counting and keeping track of phosphorus within the range of the daily recommendation (800 1,000 mg per day), also by limiting consumption of dot with red edge food items. The developed education tool was evaluated by 54 hemodialysis patients (24 males and 30 females) aged 49.09 ± 12.23 years (mean ± SD) to determine 1) the subjects knowledge and understanding of phosphorus and the phosphorus counting technique, and 2) the subjects satisfaction with the developed educational tool. All evaluations were accomplished individually during the hemodialysis sessions and selfstudy at home for 11 weeks by reading a booklet and doing homework exercises. The results revealed that 98.1% of the subjects significantly improved their knowledge of general phosphorus (p < 0.05) and attained a high knowledge level. According to the analysis of subjects phosphorus counting practices (exercises A and B), 66.7% and 79.6% of the subjects understood and had an accurate perception and conceptualization of the phosphorus counting technique at a high knowledge level. When the overall knowledge of the phosphorus counting technique was assessed at week 9 (exercise C), 96.3% had a high knowledge level. In addition, they were satisfied with the developed educational tool, with an overall satisfaction level in relation to the books content, format, language, illustrations, and applications score of 4.59 ± 0.57 (mean ± SD) on a 5-point Likert scale. In conclusion, the developed educational tool is an acceptable and attractive learning tool providing knowledge of phosphorus relevant to the disease and the phosphorus counting technique. It can be used as a self management tool for controlling phosphorus intake.