Rungrutai Udomsinprasert.. Characterization of a new Anopheles dirus delta class glutathione S-transferase and interactions with the C-jun N-terminal kinase pathway components. Doctoral Degree(Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering). Mahidol University. Mahidol University Library and Knowledge Center. : Mahidol University, 2005.
Characterization of a new Anopheles dirus delta class glutathione S-transferase and interactions with the C-jun N-terminal kinase pathway components
Abstract:
Interest in insect GSTs has focused on their role in conferring insecticide resistance. Previously from the mosquito malaria vector Anopheles dirus, two genes encoding five delta class GSTs have been characterized for structural as well as enzymatic activities. We have obtained a new delta class GST gene and isoenzyme from An. dirus which we named adGSTD5-5. The adGSTD5-5 isoenzyme was identified and only detectably expressed in Anopheles dirus adult female. A putative promoter analysis suggests this GST has an involvement in oogenesis. The enzyme displayed little activity for classical GST substrates although it possessed the greatest activity for DDT observed for delta GSTs. Moreover, a crystal structure showed adGSTD5-5 possessed an elongated and more polar active site topology compared to other Delta GSTs. In addition to catalytic function, GST regulate JNK (c-Jun Nterminal kinase) signal transduction by interaction with JNK itself or other proteins upstream in the JNK pathway. We have studied GSTs and their interaction with components of the JNK pathway from Diptera. We have evaluated the effects of all six delta class adGSTs, D1-1, D2-2, D3-3, D4-4, D5-5 and D6-6, on the activity of full-length recombinant Drosophila HEP (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7; where HEP stands for hemipterous) and the Drosophila JNK, as well as the reciprocal effect of these kinases on GST activity. Interestingly, these exerted different effects on JNK activity. adGSTD1-1 inhibited JNK activity, whereas the other GST isoforms activated JNK. All adGSTs were inhibited 5080% by HEP or JNK but adGSTD1-1 was not inhibited by JNK. However, binding constants for HEP or JNK inhibiting a GST were similar (2070 nM). Upon GST-JNK interaction, both GST and JNK underwent conformational changes and that affected their structural and catalytic properties differently, an example is adGSTD1-1 which was stabilized by JNK whereas adGSTD2-2 was not. Furthermore, the substrate specificities of both GSTs and JNK were also altered after their co-incubation. In addition, glutathione modulated the effects of JNK on GST activity. These results emphasize that different adGST isoforms possess different properties, both in their catalytic function and in their regulation of signaling through the JNK pathway.
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